ABSTRACT. Keywords: Relevant Costs, Accept Or Reject Special Order. vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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1 ABSTRACT Plastic company in Indonesia each year has increased demand for plastic orders from society, and therefore companies are required to comply. This study uses a descriptive analysis. To take the right decision in choosing the best alternative should be supported with appropriate information. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of relevant costs in the decision to accept or reject a special order and determine the factors that must be considered by management to accept or reject a special order. Relevant costs are costs that will affect short-term decision. In a state machines are not used entirely to produce (idle capacity), then the relevant cost analysis will be used to fulfill special orders in order to take advantage of idle capacity. The first analysis is comparing the normal capacity with actual capacity in August, so it will get the idle capacity of 720 kg which still can to be used to accept special orders. Plastic Factory "Subur Jaya" received special orders from customers because the factory had idle capacity and an increase of Rp ,00 in profits obtained from total revenue of special order reduced by the total cost of a special order. Keywords: Relevant Costs, Accept Or Reject Special Order vii

2 ABSTRAK Perusahaan plastik di Indonesia setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan permintaan pesanan plastik dari masyarakat, maka dari itu perusahaan dituntut untuk dapat memenuhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Untuk mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam memilih alternatif terbaik harus didukung dengan informasi yang tepat. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan biaya relevan dalam pengambilan keputusan menerima atau menolak pesanan khusus dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang harus diperhatikan oleh manajemen dalam menerima atau menolak pesanan khusus. Biaya relevan merupakan biaya yang akan mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan jangka pendek. Dalam keadaan mesin-mesin tidak digunakan sepenuhnya untuk berproduksi (idle capacity), maka analisis biaya relevan akan digunakan untuk memenuhi pesanan khusus dalam rangka memanfaatkan kapasitas menganggur. Analisis yang pertama dilakukan dengan membandingkan kapasitas normal dengan kapasitas sebenarmya pada bulan Agustus, sehingga akan didapatkan kapasitas menganggur sebesar 720 kg yang nantinya masih dapat digunakan untuk menerima pesanan khusus. Pabrik Plastik Subur Jaya menerima pesanan khusus dari pelanggan karena adanya kapasitas menganggur dan adanya peningkatan laba perusahaan sebesar Rp ,00 yang didapat dari total pendapatan pesanan khusus dikurangi dengan total biaya pesanan khusus. Kata kunci : Biaya Relevan, Menerima Atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus viii

3 DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL...i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR...iv ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK...viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR...xiii DAFTAR TABEL... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Penelitian Identifikasi Masalah Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian Manfaat Penelitian... 6 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN Landasan Teori Pengertian Biaya Perilaku Biaya Biaya Tetap ix

4 x Biaya Variabel Biaya Semi Variabel Penggolongan Biaya Biaya Dalam Hubungan Dengan Produk Biaya Dalam Hubungan Dengan Volume Produksi Biaya Dalam Hubungan Dengan Departemen dan Pusat Biaya Biaya Dalam Hubungan Dengan Periode Akuntansi Biaya Dalam Hubungan Dengan Pengambilan Keputusan Pengertian Biaya Relevan Manfaat Penggunaan Biaya Relevan Aplikasi Biaya Relevan Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Keputusan Membuat Atau Membeli Keputusan Meneruskan Atau Menghentikan Keputusan Pesanan Khusus Keputusan Menjual Atau Memproses Lebih Lanjut Biaya Relevan Berkaitan Dengan Menerima Atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus Kerangka Pemikiran BAB III METODE PENELITIAN Objek Penelitian Metodologi Penelitian Metode Pengumpulan Data Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 39

5 xi Jenis Data Teknik Analisis Data BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan Struktur Organisasi Uraian Tugas Proses Pemesanan Bahan Baku Pada Pabrik Plastik Subur Jaya Proses Penerimaan Pesanan Proses Produksi Pada Pabrik Plastik Subur Jaya Pembuatan Rol Plastik Pemotongan Pengemasan Hasil Penelitian Analisis Kapasitas Produksi Analisis Biaya Bahan Baku Analisis Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung Analisis Biaya Produksi Analisis Biaya Relevan Dalam Kapasitas Menerina Atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus Analisis Perhitungan HPP Analisis Biaya Pesanan Khusus Faktor-faktor Yang Harus Diperhatikan Dalam Menolak atau Menerima Pesanan Khusus... 64

6 xii 4.7 Peranan Analisis Biaya Diferensial Untuk Memperoleh Laba Yang Diharapkan BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Simpulan Saran DAFTAR PUSTAKA DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP... 71

7 DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 Kerangka Pemikiran Gambar 2 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan Gambar 3 Bagan Proses Produksi xiii

8 DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel I Kapasitas Produksi Plastik Tahun Tabel II Biaya Bahan Baku per Bulan Tabel III Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung per Bulan Tabel IV Regresi Volume Produksi Dengan Biaya Listrik Bulan Januari S/D Bulan Desember Tahun Tabel V Regresi Volume Produksi Dengan Biaya Telepon Dan Air Bulan Januari S/D Bulan Desember Tahun Tabel VI Biaya Produksi Bulan Agustus Tabel VII Harga Pokok Produksi Tabel VIII Biaya Penambahan Alat Anti Statis Tabel IX Biaya Pesanan Khusus Tabel X Penambahan Laba Bersih xiv

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