ABSTRACT. Keywords: activity-based costing, process value analysis, value content assessment. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

dokumen-dokumen yang mirip
BAB I PENDAHULUAN. Activity-based management (ABM) meliputi activity based costing (ABC)

ABSTRACT. Keyword: Activiity based Costing system, Cost of Goods Manufacture, Cost Driver, Overhead Cost. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Cost of product, Selling Price, Conventional Methods, and Activiy Based Costing. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Activity Based Costing (ABC) dan Cost of Good Manufactured (COGM) vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key words: product cost, overhead cost, ABC system. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Activity Based Management (ABM), Non Value Added Activity, and efficiency of production costs. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key Words: Overhead cost, Production cost, Conventional method, Activity-Based Costing (ABC) Method. vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords : Activity Based Costing and Traditional Method. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Activity-based management,cost reduction,value-added,non-value-added. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACK. Keywords: Activity-based costing system, Mark-up. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Kata kunci : Activity Based Costing System dan Harga Pokok Produk. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: ABM, ABC, suppliers, cost of activities, non value-added cost. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key word: ABC, non value added activity, rework defective product rolls activity. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL... HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... HALAMAN PERNYATAAN... KATA PENGANTAR... DAFTAR ISI... DAFTAR TABEL... DAFTAR GAMBAR...

ABSTRACT. Keywords: production costs, transportation costs, selling prices, activity-based. viii

ABSTRACT. Keyword: Estimated Cost, Production Cost Control. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: inventory, PSAK 14 Revised 2008, initial recognition of raw material inventories, net realizable value.

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Standard cost, and cost production control. vii

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Selling Price, Target Costing, Production Costs.

ABSTRAK. Kata Kunci: harga pokok produksi, full costing, variable costing

ABSTRACT. Keywords : Cost of Productions, Conventional Costing, Activity Based Costing. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DAFTAR ISI. ABSTRAK... vi. KATA PENGANTAR... vii. DAFTAR ISI... ix. DAFTAR TABEL... xii. DAFTAR GAMBAR... xvii. DAFTAR LAMPIRAN...

ABSTRACT. : Job order costing and selling price. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: cost of product, activity-based costing, overhead cost, selling price

ABSTRACT. Keywords : joint costing, product cost per unit, joint cost allocation method. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

PENENTUAN BIAYA PRODUK BERDASARKAN AKTIVITAS (ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING)

DAFTAR ISI. HALAMAN JUDUL... i. SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TA...ii. HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... iii. HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN... iv. MOTTO...

ABSTRAKS. Kata kunci : Aktivitas, Sistem Akuntansi Tradisional, Sistem ABC, Harga Pokok Produk.

ABSTRAK. iii. Universitas Kristen Marantha

ABSTRACT. : Time Driven Acrivity Based Costing, production cost. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAKARTA RAYA ANALISIS PENERAPAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING TERHADAP TARIF RAWAT INAP DI RSPAD GATOT SOEBROTO DITKESAD

ABSTRACT. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Budgeting, Variance, Controlling, Performance. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Restaurant tax, internal control structure, and the restaurant tax billing. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords :Cost Of The Process, Cost Accounting. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Kata-kata kunci: harga pokok produksi, job-order costing method. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key words: target costing, efficiency, production costs, selling prices.

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Variable Costing Method, Full costing Method,Cost of product,and Profit. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Control cost, standard cost, actual costs of productions, variance, favorable, unfavorable. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: VAT, self build, built using construction services. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Keyword : inventory, income tax. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Activity Based Costing untuk Menentukan Inefisiensi Proses Produksi Pada Perusahaan Pengrajin Kayu di Jawa Timur

ABSTRACT. Keywords : Operational Audit, Increased Effectiveness of Employee Performance. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Kata-kata kunci: Job order costing method, efisiensi, dan efektivitas. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key words : Standard Cost, Cost Production Control. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Machine, PSAK No.16 Revision 2011, Recognition and Measurement. viii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DAFTAR ISI. HALAMAN JUDUL. i. LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING. ii. LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI.. iii. HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN. iv. HALAMAN MOTTO.

ABSTRACT. Keywords: supplier, Strategy-Activity Based Management, Activity Based Costing System, profitability. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: The cost of quality, Profitability. viii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords : Production Cost Budget, Management tool, Production Cost Control. vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN. Banyak usaha yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk dapat bertahan dalam

ABSTRACT. Keywords: cost of quality, profitability. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Balanced Scorecard, performance measurement. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ANALISIS PENENTUAN TARIF BIAYA OVERHEAD PABRIK PADA PT. XYZ OLEH: RELIK CANRA MANURUNG ABSTRAK

ABSTRAK. Kata-kata kunci: Balanced Scorecard, Perspektif Keuangan, Perspektif Pelanggan,

ABSTRACT. Keywords: cost of goods, full costing, variable costing, operating income

ANALISIS PENERAPAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM DALAM AKURASI PERHITUNGAN TARIF KAMAR PADA HOTEL AZIZA BY HORISON PEKANBARU

DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR TABEL... DAFTAR GAMBAR... DAFTAR LAMPIRAN...

ABSTRACT. Company that engaged in the industry requires a system that can be useful as a rawmaterial-usage-restrictions,

ABSTRAK. Kata-kata kunci: Laba kotor, dan kinerja keuangan. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: cost of quality, sales, customer satisfaction

ABTSRAK. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Cost of Goods Manufactured, Sales Price. viii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Kata kunci: biaya relevan, keputusan, menerima atau menolak, pesanan khusus. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DAFTAR ISI. HALAMAN JUDUL... i. HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii. SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii. PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN...

ABSTRACT. Key words : target costing, production cost efficiency. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Cost, Selling Price, and Job Order Costing. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key words: Perception of compensation systems, employee motivation

ABSTRACT. Keyword : Income Tax, Modernization of tax administration. vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. keyword: operating budget, management tools in controlling income.

PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADA CV. DESIGN KREASINDO SAMARINDA. Kuat Sudrajat 1

PENENTUAN TARIF SEWA KAMAR RAWAT INAP MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING. (Studi Kasus Pada Rumah Sakit Kasih Ibu Tahun 2015) Skripsi

Risma Yurnita, Holly Deviarti. Universitas Bina Nusantara Jln. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 20 Jakarta Barat Phone

ABSTRAK. Kata kunci : biaya standar, pengendalian, efektivitas, efisiensi, biaya bahan baku, analisis selisih

PERHITUNGAN BIAYA PRODUKSI BERBASIS TIME-DRIVEN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING

BAB 7. ALOKASI BIAYA BERBASIS AKTIVITAS. Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi-Universitas Kristen Petra 2011

ABSTRAK. Kata-kata kunci: harga jual, harga pokok produk, job order costing method, full costing, variable costing. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

PENERAPAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC) UNTUK PERHITUNGAN BIAYA PELANGGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN KARTON LJ DI SURABAYA

ABSTRACT. Keywords : production process, preventive maintenance, breakdown maintenance, minimum maintenance cost. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRACT. Key Words : Indirect Cost Pool, Multiple Cost Pool, and Conventional Costing. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

BAB I PENDAHULUAN. pelayanan jasa kesehatan terhadap masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, pelayanan jasa

ABSTRAK. Kata Kunci : Analisis profitabilitas Pelanggan, Activity Based Costing (ABC)

The Influence of The Quality Cost to The Level of Defective Goods at PT. Daya Mekar Tekstindo

APLIKASI PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC) PADA INDUSTRI PLASTIK CV. BERKAT SEJAHTERA SERUNI JAYA

ABSTRACT. Keywords : Standard cost, production cost, efficiency. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

BAB I PENDAHULUAN. organisasi (Mulyadi, 2003;4). Atau lebih singkatnya dapat dikatakan bahwa kos

Analisis Estimasi Penentuan Kos Produksi Tape Menggunakan Time Driven Activity Based Costing pada UKM Raja Madu

MATERI 5 ACTIVITY-BASED MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT. Keyword: Cost report, job order costing, cost of production orders, compare, weaknesses and strengths, analytical calculation

ABSTRACT. Key words: internal audit, controlling, cost of good sold. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

USAHA PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PERUSAHAAN MELALUI PENGGUNAAN ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI

Maria S. Rumampuk, Perbandingan Perhitungan Harga Pokok

ABSTRACT. Keywords: target costing, sales price, production cost efficiency. Universitas Kristen Maranatha. vii

ABSTRACT. Keywords: Job order costing method. vi Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT The Purpose of this thesis are to explain the increase of product costing accuracy by using Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and to identify the opportunities for cost reduction by using Process Value Analysis (PVA). PVA will serve as a method of analysis in determining the activities, activity drivers, and the value content of each activities. The research method used by the author is descriptive analysis. The analysis showed that ABC is able to improve the accuracy of the product cost calculations. Allocating costs in ABC, made the charging of costs to each product more accurate, because it has been adjusted with the consumption of each activity. The opportunities of cost reduction arising from activities that are assessed as nonvalue added (NVA). Those activities are scheduling as a part of preparing activitiy, inspection activitiy, and administration activity. The analysis showed that the total cost reduction that can occur is 498.383.183 rupiah. Quantitatively, the result of calculations, that ABC has been integrated with PVA, showed a difference with the company s calculations. The product cost difference for 125ml package is 20.09 rupiah, 200ml package is 66.64 rupiah, and 250ml package is 25.82 rupiah lower that the company s calculations. Whereas 1000ml package is 3.71 higher that the company s calculations. That difference is a cost that shouldn t charged to the customer. Based on this result, the author suggest the company to integrate PVA with ABC, so that it may obtain the optimal product costing. Keywords: activity-based costing, process value analysis, value content assessment vii

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah menjelaskan peningkatan akurasi perhitungan biaya yang terjadi dengan menggunakan sistem Activity-Based Costing (ABC) dan mengidentifikasi peluang pengurangan biaya dengan menggunakan Process Value Analysis (PVA). PVA akan berperan sebagai metoda analisis dalam menentukan aktivitas, pemicu aktivitas, dan value content dari setiap aktivitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ABC mampu meningkatkan akurasi perhitungan produk. Pengalokasian biaya ke aktivitas-aktivitas dalam ABC, membuat pembebanan biaya ke setiap produk menjadi lebih tepat, karena disesuaikan dengan aktivitas yang dikonsumsinya. Peluang penghematan muncul dari aktivitas-aktivitas yang dinilai sebagai non-value added (NVA). Aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut adalah penjadwalan pada aktivitas persiapan, aktivitas inspeksi, dan aktivitas administrasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan total penghematan yang dapat terjadi adalah 498.383.183 rupiah. Secara kuantitatif, hasil perhitungan ABC yang telah diintegrasikan dengan PVA menunjukkan adanya selisih dengan perhitungan perusahaan. Selisih biaya produk untuk kemasan 125ml sebesar 20.09 rupiah, kemasan 200ml sebesar 66.64 rupiah, dan kemasan 250ml sebesar 25.82 rupiah lebih rendah dibandingkan perhitungan perusahaan; dan untuk kemasan 1000ml sebesar 3.71 rupiah lebih tinggi dibandingkan perhitungan perusahaan. Selisih tersebut merupakan biaya yang tidak seharusnya ditanggung oleh konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil inilah, penulis menyarankan perusahaan untuk mengintegrasikan PVA dengan ABC, sehingga diperoleh hasil perhitungan biaya produk yang optimal. Kata kunci: activity-based costing, process value analysis, penilaian value content viii

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH... v ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK... viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR... xii DAFTAR TABEL... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah... 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian... 4 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian... 4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN... 6 2.1 Konsep Manajemen Biaya dan Perilaku Biaya... 6 2.1.1 Manajemen Biaya... 2.1.1.1 Pengertian Biaya... 7 2.1.1.2 Klasifikasi Biaya dalam Hubungannya dengan Produk... 9 2.1.2 Perilaku Biaya (Cost Behaviour)... 11 2.1.2.1 Dasar-Dasar dari Perilaku Biaya... 11 2.1.2.2 Alur Biaya pada Perusahaan Manufaktur... 13 2.2 Activity-Based Costing System... 14 2.2.1 Konsep Cost Driver... 14 2.2.1.1 Cost Driver, Cost Pools, dan Cost Objects... 14 2.2.1.2 Pembebanan Biaya dan Alokasi Biaya... 15 2.2.2 Jenis-Jenis Cost Driver... 15 ix

2.2.3 Prosedur Penerapan Sistem ABC... 21 2.2.4 Manfaat dan Keterbatasan Sistem ABC... 24 2.2.5 Syarat-Syarat Penerapan ABC... 25 2.2.6 Kendala Penerapan ABC... 27 2.3 Activity Based Management... 29 2.3.1 Hubungan ABC dan ABM... 29 2.3.2 Process Value Analysis (Analisis Nilai Proses)... 30 2.3.2.1 Driver Analysis... 31 2.3.2.2 Activity Analysis... 32 2.3.2.3 Pengurangan Biaya Melalui Manajemen Aktivitas... 36 2.3.2.4 Penilaian Terhadap Kinerja Aktivitas... 37 2.3.3 Implementasi ABM... 38 2.3.4 Penyebab Kegagalan Penerapan ABM... 40 2.4 Integrasi PVA ABC... 41 2.4.1 Tahap-Tahap Pengaplikasian PVA... 41 2.4.2 Manfaat Pengintegrasian PVA terhadap ABC... 44 2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran... 47 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN... 50 3.1 Metode Peneltian... 50 3.1.1 Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 50 3.1.2 Langkah-Langkah Penelitian... 51 3.2 Objek Penelitian... 54 3.2.1 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian... 54 3.2.2 Sejarah Singkat... 54 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN... 56 4.1 Sistem Perhitungan Biaya Produksi Susu Ultra Rasa Cokelat yang Diterapkan PT Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading... 56 4.2 Identifikasi Proses... 58 4.3 Penentuan Aktivitas-Aktivitas... 57 4.4 Identifikasi Cost Resources... 63 4.5 Alokasi Biaya ke Setiap Aktivitas... 65 x

4.5.1 Identifikasi Group of Overhead Cost... 65 4.5.2 Estimasi Persentase Biaya untuk Setiap Aktivitas... 66 4.5.3 Perhitungan Total Biaya untuk Setiap Aktivitas... 66 4.6 Penentuan Cost Driver Operasional... 71 4.6.1 Analisis Driver... 71 4.6.2 Konsumsi Aktivitas untuk Setiap Cost Object... 79 4.7 Perhitungan Tarif Aktivitas... 80 4.8 Penilaian Value Content... 81 4.9 Perhitungan Biaya Produk... 88 4.10 Identifikasi Peluang Operational Improvement... 95 4.11 Pembahasan Komprehensif... 98 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN... 102 5.1 Simpulan... 102 5.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian... 104 5.3 Saran... 105 DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 106 LAMPIRAN... 107 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE)... 108 xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 Perbedaan Biaya dan Beban... 8 Gambar 2 Alur Biaya pada Perusahaan Manufaktur... 13 Gambar 3 Hubungan antara Costs, Cost Pool, Cost Objects, and Cost Drivers dalam Perusahaan Perkakas (Appliance Manufacturing)... 16 Gambar 4 Model Activity Based Costing... 22 Gambar 5 Model ABM 2 Dimensi... 30 Gambar 6 Faktor yang Menentukan Value-Added Activities... 36 Gambar 7 Model Implementasi ABM... 39 Gambar 8 Kerangka Pemikiran... 48 Gambar 9 Flowchart Penilaian Value Content... 53 Gambar 10 Proses Produksi Susu Ultra Rasa Cokelat... 58 xii

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I Pengolahan dan Analisis Data... 52 Tabel II Perhitungan Biaya Produk UHT (Susu)... 57 Tabel III Biaya dan Volume Produksi Cost Object... 60 Tabel IV Activity Analysis... 62 Tabel V Komponen Biaya Overhead... 64 Tabel VI Identifikasi Group of Overhead Cost ke Aktivitas... 65 Tabel VII Persentase Alokasi Biaya ke Aktivitas... 67 Tabel VIII Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Preparing... 68 Tabel IX Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Processing... 68 Tabel X Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Inspection... 69 Tabel XI Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Maintenance... 69 Tabel XII Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Conversion... 70 Tabel XIII Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Storing... 70 Tabel XIV Total Biaya untuk Aktivitas Administration... 71 Tabel XV Activity Driver... 79 Tabel XVI Konsumsi Aktivitas... 80 Tabel XVII Perhitungan Tarif Aktivitas... 81 Tabel XVIII Penilaian Value Content... 88 Tabel XIX Rincian Konsumsi per Aktivitas... 89 Tabel XX Unit Cost 125 ml... 91 Tabel XXI Unit Cost 200 ml... 92 Tabel XXII Unit Cost 250 ml... 93 Tabel XXIII Unit Cost 1000 ml... 94 xiii