CAD SYSTEM (Computer Aided Design) 1
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Contoh penggunaan sistem CAD 3
A photorealistic rendered image created by using POV-Ray 3.6. The glasses, ashtray and pitcher were modeled with Rhinoceros 3D and the dice with Cinema 4D. 4
wireframe hidden edges wireframe uv isolines An open surface with u- and v-flow lines and Z-contours shown. Facet wireframe Facet shaded 5
shaded reflection lines reflected image 6
Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis. 7
CAE Computer-aided Engineering CAD (Computer-aided Design) CAA (Computer-aided Analysis) CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) 8
Pekerjaan Dasar yang Dilakukan dalam Sistem CAD Pemodelan geometri Analisis teknik Penyimpanan dan pemanggilan data Penggambaran otomatis Gambar pandangan ganda Wire frame modeling Surface modeling Solid modeling 9
Kelebihan Solid Modeling Membantu visualisasi. Ilustrasi Pandangan potongan pada berbagai sudut pandang Memperkecil kesalahan dalam produksi/pemesinan Menyediakan sifat-ifat massa (isi, berat, titik berat, momen inersia dll.) Analisis Teknik Untuk perhitungan stress dan sifat-sifat sistem Analisis yang digunakan: Sifat-sifat massa Finite-element modeling 10
SISTEM CAD (Program + Fasilitas AutoCAD) Mulai Masukan Data Rancangan Analisis Rancangan Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda dll. Membuat file Script Menjalankan Script AutoCAD Ukuran dan bahan (spesifikasi) Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda Dll. Penyelesaian Gambar Gambar Model; Layout 11
SISTEM CAD untuk PISAU ROTARI Garu Rotari Pisau Rotari Mekanisme Kerja 12
Dasar Rancang Bangun Pisau Rotari Bagian Pegangan Bagian Ujung Pisau Bagian Pisau Lurus 13
Tahapan Perancangan Pisau Rotari Jari-jari Bagian pegangan Pangkal dan lengkungan Lengkugan pisau Bag. sekop Bag. sekop Kurva kelengkungan Potongan Lengkung belakang Bagian sekop Ujung pisau Gambar kerja 14
Contoh Hasil Perancangan Pisau Rotari 15
Sistem CAD Pisau Pemotong Rumput Mata pisau Tipe slasher Tipe reel Reel Bedknife Tipe cutter bar 16
Mekanisme Pemotong Rumput (tipe reel) Arah maju pemotongan Poros Arah putar Rangka Blade Setelah dipotong Belum dipotong Bedknife 17
Proses Perancangan QBasic Input data rancangan QBasic Pengolahan data rancangan Pembuatan dan penyimpanan file script AutoCAD Pembuatan gambar kerja otomatis File-file script Data rancangan saran Gambar kerja 18
Sudut potong (a) Diameter reel (b) Panjang reel (c) Jumlah blade (d) Parameter Rancangan a d b c 19
Lebar blade (e) Tebal blade (f) Rake angle (g) f e g 20
Rake angle & Penampang blade Blade Rake Angle 21
Rancangan model pisau tipe reel Panjang = 540 mm Diameter = 126 mm Jumlah blade = 5 buah Tebal blade = 3 mm Lebar blade = 30 mm Rake angle = 5 0 Rangka Blade Poros 22
Hasil Gambar dari Program Panja ng (mm) 500 Jumlah blade 3 5 8 11 700 900 23
Code Program COLOR 11, 0: LOCATE 22, 21: INPUT "do you want to change data?(y/n):"; pil$ IF pil$ = "Y" OR pil$ = "y" THEN GOTO 8 PRINT 'PERHITUNGAN SUDUT POTONG PHI = 3.141593: KLL = DR * PHI: KLL1 = PR * TAN(SP / 57.29578) SUDUT1 = (KLL1 / KLL) * 360: S1 = SUDUT1 'PERHITUNGAN KOORDINAT REKE ANGLE,SUDUT POTONGPerhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong X = 0: Y = 0: Z = 0 RR = DR / 2: TB1 = TB / 2: TB2 = TB / 3: TB3 = TB / 6: TB4 = (2 * TB) / 3 XSM = (TAN(30)) / TB4 SSS4 = LB + XSM SSS5 = SQR(XSM ^ 2 + TB4 ^ 2) X0T1 = X + RR: Y0T1 = Y XT1 = X0T1: YT1 = Y0T1 SXT1 = XT1 -.05: SYT1 = YT1 +.0001 R1 = SQR(XT1 ^ 2 + YT1 ^ 2): K1 = YT1 / XT1: S2 = ATN(K1) * 57.29578 TRI = SQR(RR ^ 2 - TB3 ^ 2): TRI1 = ATN(TRI / TB3) * 57.29578 TRI4 = 90 - TRI1 X0T2 = TB2 * SIN(TRI4 / 57.29578): Y0T2 = TB2 * COS(TRI4 / 57.29578) SX0T2 = X0T2 / 2: SY0T2 = Y0T2 / 2Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade XT2 = XT1 - X0T2: YT2 = YT1 + Y0T2 SXT2 = XT1 - SX0T2: SYT2 = YT1 + SY0T2 R2 = SQR(XT2 ^ 2 + YT2 ^ 2): K2 = YT2 / XT2: S3 = ATN(K2) * 57.29578 X0T5 = LB * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T5 = LB * SIN(RA / 57.29578) SX0T5 = X0T5 / 2: SY0T5 = Y0T5 / 2 XT5 = XT1 - X0T5: YT5 = YT1 + Y0T5 SXT5 = XT1 - SX0T5: SYT5 = YT1 + SY0T5 R5 = SQR(XT5 ^ 2 + YT5 ^ 2): K5 = YT5 / XT5: S6 = ATN(K5) * 57.29578 X0T4 = TB * SIN(RA / 57.29578): Y0T4 = TB * COS(RA / 57.29578) SX0T4 = X0T4 / 2: SY0T4 = Y0T4 / 2 XT4 = XT5 + X0T4: YT4 = YT5 + Y0T4 SXT4 = XT5 + SX0T4: SYT4 = YT5 + SY0T4 R4 = SQR(XT4 ^ 2 + YT4 ^ 2): K4 = YT4 / XT4: S5 = ATN(K4) * 57.29578 PT4T3 = TB4 * TAN(30 / 57.29578): P43 = LB - PT4T3 X0T3 = P43 * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T3 = P43 * SIN(RA / 57.29578) SX0T3 = X0T3 / 2: SY0T3 = Y0T3 / 2 XT3 = XT4 + X0T3: YT3 = YT4 - Y0T3 SXT3 = XT4 + SX0T3: SYT3 = YT4 - SY0T3 R3 = SQR(XT3 ^ 2 + YT3 ^ 2): K3 = YT3 / XT3: S4 = ATN(K3) * 57.29578 Code Program Perhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade 24
'PERHITUNGAN PILIHAN SISI ATAS1 SXT1A = R1 * COS((S1 + S2) / 57.29578): SYT1A = R1 * SIN((S1 + S2) / 57.29578) Perhitungan Sisi Atas SXT2A = R2 * COS((S1 + S3) / 57.29578): SYT2A = R2 * SIN((S1 + S3) / 57.29578) SXT3A = R3 * COS((S1 + S4) / 57.29578): SYT3A = R3 * SIN((S1 + S4) / 57.29578) SXT4A = R4 * COS((S1 + S5) / 57.29578): SYT4A = R4 * SIN((S1 + S5) / 57.29578) SXT5A = R5 * COS((S1 + S6) / 57.29578): SYT5A = R5 * SIN((S1 + S6) / 57.29578) 'PERHITUNGAN PILIH SISI BAWAH SXT1 = (XT1 + XT2) / 2: SXT2 = (XT2 + XT3) / 2 Perhitungan Sisi Bawah SXT3 = (XT3 + XT4) / 2: SXT4 = (XT4 + XT5) / 2 SXT5 = (XT5 + XT1) / 2: SYT1 = (YT1 + YT2) / 2 SYT2 = (YT2 + YT3) / 2: SYT3 = (YT3 + YT4) / 2 SYT4 = (YT4 + YT5) / 2: SYT5 = (YT5 + YT1) / 2 'PERHITUNGAN SISI ATAS OKEY SXT1ATAS = (SXT1A + SXT2A) / 2: SXT2ATAS = (SXT2A + SXT3A) / 2 SXT3ATAS = (SXT3A + SXT4A) / 2: SXT4ATAS = (SXT4A + SXT5A) / 2 SXT5ATAS = (SXT5A + SXT1A) / 2: SYT1ATAS = (SYT1A + SYT2A) / 2 SYT2ATAS = (SYT2A + SYT3A) / 2: SYT3ATAS = (SYT3A + SYT4A) / 2 SYT4ATAS = (SYT4A + SYT5A) / 2: SYT5ATAS = (SYT5A + SYT1A) / 2 Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri 'PROSES PENGGAMBARAN REEL ISOMETRI CLS : LOCATE 15, 15: COLOR 5, 0 COLOR 5, 5: CLS : COLOR 3, 0 LOCATE 10, 10: PRINT " FOR az = 1 TO 8 Perhitungan Sisi Atas Perhitungan Sisi Bawah Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri 25
LOCATE 10 + az, 10: PRINT "³ ³" NEXT az LOCATE 18, 10: PRINT " LOCATE 12, 20 PRINT "Please Wait for a minute " OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" LOCATE 15, 20 PRINT "Your data is being saved at File C:Iso.SCR" LOCATE 17, 30 INPUT "go... (Y/N):", PILL$ IF PILL$ = "Y" OR PILL$ = "y" GOTO 19 IF PILL$ = "N" OR PILL$ = "n" GOTO 200 19 OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" PRINT #1, "-layer": PRINT #1, "n": PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "s" PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "COLOR": PRINT #1, "1" PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "D": PRINT #1, "25" PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "": WRITE #1, PR + 200 PRINT #1, "" PRINT #1, "COLOR" PRINT #1, "6": PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "D": WRITE #1, DR - LB PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "5" PRINT #1, "" IF PR < 400 GOTO 20 WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100 IF PR >= 400 AND PR <= 600 GOTO 30 IF PR >= 600 AND PR <= 800 GOTO 40 IF PR >= 800 AND PR <= 1000 GOTO 50 IF PR > 1000 GOTO 60 20 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 2: GOTO 70 30 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 3: GOTO 80 40 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 4: GOTO 90 50 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 5: GOTO 100 60 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 6: GOTO 110 70 PRINT #1, "COPY" Membuka File #1 :C:iso.SCR Untuk Script Gambar OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" Memasukkan Command - (gbr lingkaran) ke File #1 PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" Cara Memasukkan Koordinat WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100 26
70 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 80 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 90 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 100 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 4) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 110 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" Memasukkan Command - (copy) ke File #1 PRINT #1, "COPY" Memasukkan data koordinat lanjutan untuk Command Copy: WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 27
Masukkan nama file-nya (atau cari) namafile.scr Command: script (untuk menjalankan file script) 28
Buat Model dengan Perintah Baris Perhatikan urutan perintahnya 29
Perintah Baris dalam AutoCAD Garis lurus 30
Lingkaran 31
Lengkungan 32
Lengkungan 33
Latihan 1 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: OPEN "O", 1, "C:Contoh.SCR" X1=0:Y1=0:X2=100:Y2=50:YL=25:RAD=25 Print #1, Line Write #1, X1,Y1 Write #1,X2, Y2 Write #1,X2,Y2 Write #1,X1,Y2 Write #1, X1,Y1 Print #1, Print #1, Circle Write #1,X3, YL Print #1, RAD Close #1 END Isi script Line 0,0 100,0 100,50 0,50 0,0 Circle 50,25 25 EOF Contoh programnya 34
Latihan 2 Line 100,100 70,100 50,80 100,80 100,100 Circle 50,80 20 Circle 50,80 10 Circle 100,70 D 20 Circle 100,70 D 10 Line 30,60 110,60 EOF Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: 35
Latihan 3 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: 36
Latihan 4 Susunlah urutan perintah penggambaran dalam AutoCAD untuk menggambar bentuk di bawah ini : R 40 100 R 40 R 20 R 20 37
Latihan 5 Susunlah File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini : R 40 100 R 40 R 20 R 20 38
Latihan 6 Susunlah Program dalam BASIC untuk membuat File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini (JP, RL dan RD sebagai INPUT): RL JP RL RD RD 39
Menggambar cylinder height of cylinder (X,Y,Z) center point for base of cylinder Y Z radius for base of cylinder X Z=0 40
Gambar hasilnya! Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 125 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 50 Command: 41
Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 42
Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from.. Select objects: 160,200,100 1 found Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract.. Select objects: 120,200,100 1 found Select objects: Cylinder yang mengurangi Cylinder yang dikurangi 43
Contoh Program BASIC untuk Script Gambar Silinder CLS INPUT PANJANG SILINDER:, PS DS=0.1*PS R=0.5*DS OPEN O, 1, C:SILINDER.SCR PRINT #1, CYLINDER PRINT #1, WRITE #1, 100,100,100 PRINT #1, R PRINT #1, PS CLOSE #1 END PS R Center point for base of cylinder (100,100,100) 44