Otomasi Sistem Peralatan Otomasi Sistem: Sensor dan Aktuator Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng. Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI ITS Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237 Email: pramudijanto@gmail.com Otomasi Sistem - 02 1
Objektif: Pengertian Sensor dan Aktuator Sensors: Position sensors Velocity sensors Acceleration sensors Temperature sensors Force sensors Pressure sensors Light sensors Actuators Motor Relay Aktuator Hidrolik Otomasi Sistem - 02 2
Pengertian Sensors dan Aktuator Sensor - an electronic transducer that converts some physical quantity into an electrical quantity Aktuator - an electronic transducer that converts electrical energy into a physical quantity. Otomasi Sistem - 02 3
Position Sensors Potentiometer (rotary and linear) Proximity switch (mechanical) Piezo-ceramic, piezo-resistive LVDT Otomasi Sistem - 02 4
Potensiometer Sensor analog yang bekerja seperti divider Otomasi Sistem - 02 5
Potensiometer untuk posisi Otomasi Sistem - 02 6
Analog and Digital Sensors Rotary Linear Optical Encoder Otomasi Sistem - 02 7
Rotary Optical Encoder Otomasi Sistem - 02 8
Increment Encoder Generally Have two picks up that are 90 degrees out of Phase (A and B) This allows you to determine the direction of rotation and thus count up or down By using the rising and falling edges of both A and B we can get 4 times the number of slots. May have one or more index marks for homing. Otomasi Sistem - 02 9
Absolute Encoder Gray Code Vs Binary Gray Code only changes by one bit per transition. At least one sensor per track. 11 01 11 01 01 00 00 10 Otomasi Sistem - 02 10
Synchro Otomasi Sistem - 02 11
Rangkaian Synchro Otomasi Sistem - 02 12
Velocity Sensors Accelerometer (piezo-electric) Optical Encoder absolute or incremental position, direction Tachometer shaft velocity, typically a PM DC motor Otomasi Sistem - 02 13
Tachogenerator Sensor ini konstruksinya mirip motor DC magnet permanen. Tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan berupa tegangan DC. Otomasi Sistem - 02 14
Acceleration sensors Accelerometers measure acceleration, vibration and shock measurements Typical device:outputs from 100m to 2.5V/g. Otomasi Sistem - 02 15
Gaya/Torsi Strain gage Piezo-electric (AC coupled) Otomasi Sistem - 02 16
Sensor Tekanan Otomasi Sistem - 02 17
Types of Strain Gages Single Element Rosette Gages Rata-rata stress pada luasan gage. Ukuran gage sangat penting! *Apply set of equations to determine coordinate stress components. Otomasi Sistem - 02 18
Load sensors See: http://www.entran.com/ela.htm 100 through 10,000Lbs Otomasi Sistem - 02 19
Sensor Temperatur Otomasi Sistem - 02 20
What are thermocouples? Thermocouples operate under the principle that a circuit made by connecting two dissimilar metals produces a measurable voltage (emf-electromotive force) when the two ends of the thermocouple circuit are at different temperatures. They are inexpensive, small in size, rugged and remarkably accurate when used with an understanding of their peculiarities. Otomasi Sistem - 02 21
Bahan Material Thermocouple Chromel - Constantan (E Curve) Iron - Constantan (J Curve) Chromel - Alumel (K Curve) Platinum+Rhodium 13% - Platinum (R Curve) Platinum+Rhodium 10% - Platinum (S Curve) Copper - Constantan (T Curve) Tungsten - Rhenium (C Curve) Otomasi Sistem - 02 22
Thermocouple Material Vs EMF Types T, J, and K are most commonly used thermocouples. Otomasi Sistem - 02 23
RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) Bekerja berdasarkan perubahan resistansi logam karena perubahan temperatur Berbagai logam yang sering digunakan untuk RTD platina (linier, sangat mahal, umum dipakai) Nikel (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah, nonlinier) Nickle alloys (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah) Tembaga (range temperatur lebih rendah) Otomasi Sistem - 02 24
Thermistor R R o e β 1 T 1 T = o where R o = reference resistance measured at T T = measured temperature β = material constant o Otomasi Sistem - 02 25
Sensor Temperatur IC LM335 Otomasi Sistem - 02 26
Sensor Temperatur IC AD590/AD592 Otomasi Sistem - 02 27
Photo-voltaic cell Light sensors CdS sensor (R output) Phototransistor Otomasi Sistem - 02 28
Ultrasonic Non-Contact Sensors Optical Magnetic (Inductive, Reed, Hall Effect) Laser vibrometer, interferometer Capacitive Eddy current Otomasi Sistem - 02 29
Aktuator Roda Gigi Servomotor Inverter Otomasi Sistem - 02 30
Aktuator Driver Amplifier Silinder Hidrolik Z Selenoid Hidrolik Y A 2 P2 BL ml Vo k1 P1 A1 Selenoid x q-out q-in q-out Distribution Valve ko es q-out q-in q-out Otomasi Sistem - 02 31
Relay Mekanik dan Elektrik Otomasi Sistem - 02 32
Silinder Hidrolik Otomasi Sistem - 02 33