DAFTAR ISI. DAFTAR ISI i. BAB I. PENDAHULUAN Apakah instrumentasi dan Pengendalian Proses itu? Tujuan Penulisan 1

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Ivan Kartawijaya
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1 DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR ISI i. BAB I. PENDAHULUAN Apakah instrumentasi dan Pengendalian Proses itu? Tujuan Penulisan 1 BAB II. SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN INSTRUMENTASI & SISTEM KONTROL Mengapa Diperlukan Pengukuran dan Pengontrolan Sejarah Perkembangan Teknologi Instrumentasi Perkembangan Architecture System control Proses System Control Tradisional System Control berbasis Computer System Control Berbasis DCS 9 BAB III. MEASURING DEVICES (FLOW, LEVEL, PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE) Umum Pengukuran Aliran Fluida (Flow Measurements) Umum Pengelompokan (Categorization) Pemasangan (Instalation) Pemilihan (Selection) Sifat Fisik Fluida 15 A. Viskositas ( μ ) 15 B. Rapat Massa (density) 17 C. Berat Jenis (specific gravity) 17 D. Bilangan Reynold Alat Ukur Aliran Fluida 18 A. Differential Pressure Flowmeters (Head Flow Meter) 19 B. Variable Area Flowmeter (Rotameters) 30 C. Positive Displacement Flowmeters 33 D. Magnetic Meters 37 E. Turbine Meters 39 i

2 F. Coriolis Flowmeters 41 G. Target Flowmeters 43 H. Thermal Flowmeters 45 I. Ultrasonic Flowmeters 47 J. Vortex Flowmeters Pengukuran Level Fluida (Level Measurements) Umum Pengelompokan (Categorization) Alat Ukur Level (Level Measurement Devices) 55 A. Displacement Type 55 B. Differential Pressure Type 56 C. Capacitance Type 59 D. Ultrasonic Types 61 E. Radar Type 63 F. Radiation Type Pengukuran Pressure (Pressure Measurements) Umum Pengelompokan dan Pemilihan Alat Ukur Alat Ukur Tekanan 68 A. U tube 68 B. Bourdon Tube 70 C. Diaphragm Pressure Gage 73 D. Bellows Elements 75 E. McLeod Gages Pengukuran Temperature (Temperature Measurements) Umum Macam Prinsip Alat Ukur Temperatur Alat Ukur Tekanan 80 A. Bimetal Thermometer 80 B. Thermocouple 81 C. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) 84 D. Thermistor 86 E. Pyrometer 89 ii

3 BAB IV. TRANSMITTER, CONVERTER, INSTRUMENT SIGNAL, INDICATOR, CONTROLLER, RECORDER DAN CONTROL VALVE 4.1. Umum Instrument Signal Transmission Media Transmisi Jenis Sinyal Instrumen Pemilihan Sinyal Instrumen Transmitter Pneumatic Transmitter 95 A. Prinsip Kerja 95 B. Jenis-jenis Pneumatic Transmitter Electronic Transmitter 97 A. Prinsip Kerja 97 B. Jenis-jenis Electronic Transmitter Converter I/P Transducer (electropneumatic transducer) 99 A. Indoor Mount Type 99 B. Explosion-proof type P/I Transducer (Pneumatic to Current transducer) Instrument Indicator Pneumatic Indicator Electronic Indicator Instrument Indicator Pneumatic Recorder Electronic Recorder Instrument Controller Pneumatic Controller 103 A. Local Controller 103 B. Panel Controller Electronic Controller 104 A. Single Loop Controller 104 B. Multi Loop Controller Control Valve Umum iii

4 Control Valve Body 105 A. Globe Valves 105 B. Rotary Valves Karakteristik Aliran - Valve Plug Actuator 112 A. Spring and Diaphragm actuators 113 B. Piston or Cylinder actuators 114 C. Electrohydraulic Actuators 115 D. Electric Actuators 116 E. Rack and Pinion Actuators 116 F. Manual Actuators Control Valve Accessories 117 A. Positioners 117 B. Hand Wheel 119 C. Limit Switches 119 D. Solenoid Valve 119 E. Supply Pressure Regulator Koefisien Valve Sizing (Cv) 120 A. Umum 120 B. Beberapa Defenisi 121 C. FCS Equations 122 BAB V. SISTEM CONTROL PROSES Pendahuluan Aspek-Aspek Desain Sistem Kontrol Proses Elemen-Elemen Sistem Kontrol Proses Algoritma Pengontrolan dari Controller ON-OFF Control Proportional Control (P Control) Proportional Integral Control (PI Control) Proportional Integral Derivative Control (PID Control) Klasifikasi Aplikasi Sistem Kontrol Proses Flow Control Pressure Control 138 iv

5 Liquid-Level Control Temperature Control Klasifikasi Loop Control Process Simple Control Loop (Basic Control Loop) 140 A. Closed Loop Control Feedback 140 B. Closed Loop Control Feedforward Complicated Control Loop (Enhanced Regulatory Control) 141 A. Cascade Control 142 B. Splite Range Control 143 C. Ratio Control 144 D. Auto Selector Control 145 BAB. VI DCS YOKOGAWA CENTUM-XL KILANG UP-VI BALONGAN Sistem Konfigurasi Centum-XL Man Machine Interface (EOPS) 147 A. EOPS (Enhanced Operator Station) 147 B. EOPC (Enhanced Operator Console) 149 C. EPRT2 Serial Printer 149 D. ECHU2 Color Hard Copy Unit Process Control Function (EFCD) 150 A. EFCS Field Control Station 150 B. EFCD Duplexed Field Control Station Data Communication Facilities 156 A. HF-BUS 156 B. SV -Net Sistem Konfigurasi Centum-XL 156 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 158 v

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