PRONOUNCEMENT I would like to pronounce that the thesis entitled AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGY EMPLOYED IN MOVIE ENTITLED OLIVER TWIST AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN LANGUAGE TEACHING is my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to others works are written in quotation and the sources of the related studies are listed on the bibliography. If this pronouncement is proved wrong, I am ready to receive any academic punishment. Purbalingga, January 2016 Raditya Mohamad i
AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGY EMPLOYED IN MOVIE ENTITLED OLIVER TWIST AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University to Fulfil One of the Requirements for Obtaining Udergraduate Degree in English Education THESIS By: RADITYA MOHAMAD K2210065 English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 2016 ii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS This thesis has been approved by the thesis consultants to be examined by the thesis examiners board of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. On : By : First Consultant Second Consultant Dr. Suparno, M.Pd. NIP. 195111271986011001 Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum NIP. 19730205 200604 1 001 iii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta and has been accepted to fulfill one of the requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate Degree in English Education. Date : Day : The Board of Examiners: 1. Chair Hefy Sulistyawati, S.S., M.Pd. NIP. 197812082001122002 2. Secretary Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd. NIP. 196101241987021001 3. First Examiner Dr. Suparno, M.Pd. NIP. 195111271986011001 4. Second Examiner Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum. NIP. 197302052006041001 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Teacher Training and Education Faculty SebelasMaret University of Surakarta The Dean, Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd. NIP. 196101241987021001 iv
ABSTRACT Raditya Mohamad. K2210065. An Analysis of Positive Politeness Strategy Employed in Movie Entitled Oliver Twist and Its Contribution in Language Teaching. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. The goals of this research are 1) to explain how positive politeness strategy is used by the characters of the film entitled Oliver Twist and 2) to identify the factors that influence the characters in employing positive politeness strategy. The researcher describes positive politeness strategy employed in the film entitled Oliver Twist by using qualitative descriptive method. Descriptive qualitative method is done by collecting, analyzing, classifying and interpreting the data. The sources of the data are the transscript and video of Oliver Twist film. Oliver Twist is adapted from Charles Dicken s famous novel written in 1838 with the same title. The film is released on September 11, 2005, written and directed by Roman Polanski. The data of the research are the positive politeness utterances produced by the characters in the film. To collect the data, the researcher watches the film, reads the film transcript, matches the utterances between film and film transcript, takes note on all the utterances, identifies the utterances, and gives code to the utterances. The researcher analyzes each datum based on context, positive politeness strategy, categories of speech acts, and factors influencing the use of positive politeness strategy. The results of the research are 1) positive politeness strategy employed in every utterance has specific context which can be identified from the situation when the utterance is uttered, the participant(s), and the goals and 2) there are four factors influencing the use of positive politeness strategy in the film, that is, payoff, social distance, relative power, and ranking of imposition. The contributions of this research to teaching and learning activity are, 1) positive politeness strategy can be used in classroom activities as teacher instructions, and 2) positive politeness strategy can also be used as a teaching materials. Keywords: pragmatic, politeness, positive politeness strategy. v
ABSTRAK Raditya Mohamad. K2210065. An Analysis of Positive Politeness Strategy Employed in Movie Entitled Oliver Twist and Its Contribution in Language Teaching. Skripsi. Program Studi Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk menjelaskan bagaimana strategi kesantunan positif digunakan oleh para pemeran dalam film berjudul "Oliver Twist" dan 2) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemeran dalam menggunakan strategi kesantunan positif. Peneliti menjelaskan strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan pemeran dalam film berjudul "Oliver Twist" dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan, menganalisa, mengklasifikasi, dan mengintepretasi data. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa naskah film dan video dari film berjudul "Oliver Twist". Film ini diadaptasi dari novel karangan Charles Dicken pada tahun 1838 dengan judul yang sama. Film ini dirilis pada tanggal 11 September 2005, ditulis dan disutradarai oleh Roman Polanski. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan kesantunan positif yang diucapkan oleh pemeran dalam film tersebut. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menonton film, membaca naskah film, mencocokkan tuturan dalam film dan naskah, mencatat semua tuturan, mengidentifikasi tuturan, dan memberi kode pada keseluruhan tuturan. Peneliti menganalisa tiap data berdasarkan konteks, strategi kesantunan positif, kategori tindak tutur, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan strategi kesantunan positif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan dalam setiap ucapan memiliki konteks khusus yang dapat dilihat dari situasi saat ucapan tersebut diucapkan, orang-orang yang terlibat dalam percakapan, dan tujuan dari percakapan tersebut dan 2) ada empat faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan strategi kesantunan positif dalam film, yaitu, hasil, jarak sosial, kekuasaan relatif, dan tingkat pembebanan. Kontribusi penelitian ini dalam aktifitas belajar mengajar adalah 1) strategi kesantunan positif dapat digunakan dalam aktifitas kelas sebagai instruksi guru, dan 2) strategi kesantunan positif juga dapat digunakan sebagai materi pengajaran. Kata Kunci: pragmatik, kesantunan, strategi kesantunan positif. vi
MOTTO Sesungguhnya bersama kesulitan ada kemudahan. Maka apabila engkau telah selesai (dari suatu urusan), tetaplah bekerja keras (untuk urusan yang lain). (Surah al Insyirah, 6-7) vii
DEDICATION This thesis is lovingly dedicated to: My beloved mother and my father. My beloved grandmothers. My lovely sisters. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillahirabbil alamin. All praise be to Allah SWT for His blessing so the researcher could finish the thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. The researcher believes that many people have given support to finish this thesis. So, he would like to express his sincere gratitude to the following: 1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. 2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, for his permission to write this thesis. 3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the researcher first consultant, for all his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped the researcher in all the time of research and writing of his thesis. 4. The second consultant, Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum, for his time, advices, and patience to make the thesis better. 5. All the lecturers, administrative staff and friends in the English Department of Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the researcher could enjoy the time during his learning in the English Department. ix
6. His mother and his father for their massive and endless supports and patience in supporting the researcher physically and mentally throughout his life. 7. The researcher s fire friends: Mitro, Adam, Gitut, Rio, Bolot, Arbin, Totot, Edwin, Faris, Gesut, Hamam, Sogil, Gigih for always helping and cheering the researcher s life in any circumstances. 8. The researcher s best friend, best companion, Hanifah Ayu R. for her endless support and prayer. 9. English Education Department 2010 B for a good love and laugh. 10. The entire members of English Department, especially for ESA for the friendship and happiness that he has spent with. This thesis is far from being perfect, so the researcher would be very pleased for all the suggestions, critics, and comment on this thesis. The researcher hopes that this thesis could give some knowledges to everyone who reads it. Purbalingga, January 2016 Raditya Mohamad x
TABLE OF CONTENTS PRONOUNCEMENT... TITLE... APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS... APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS... ABSTRACT... ABSTRAK... MOTTO... DEDICATION... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... TABLE OF CONTENTS... i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix xi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION... 1 A. Background of The Research... 1 B. Problem Limitation... 4 C. Problem Statements... 4 D. Research Objectives... 4 E. Research Benefits... 4 CHAPTER II.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE... 5 A. Pragmatics... 5 1. Definition of Pragmatics... 5 2. Domain of Pragmatics... 6 B. Speech Acts... 8 1. Definition of Speech Acts... 8 2. Categories of Speech Acts... 8 xi
3. Classification of Speech Acts... 10 4. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts... 13 C. Context... 14 D. Politeness... 16 1. Definition of Politeness... 16 2. Face... 16 3. Politeness Strategy... 17 E. Positive Politeness Strategy... 20 F. Factors Influencing Politeness Strategy... 25 G. Film... 26 H. Synopsis of the Film... 27 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 30 A. Type of the Research... 30 B. Data and Source of Data... 30 C. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique... 31 D. Technique of Collecting Data... 31 E. Data Coding... 32 F. Technique of Data Analysis... 34 CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION... 38 A. Data Analysis... 38 B. Summary... 76 C. Discussion... 77 1. How Positive Politeness is Employed in the Film... 77 2. Factors Influencing the Use of Positive Politeness... 80 3. The Contribution of Positive Politeness Strategy in Language Teaching... 81 xii
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION... 98 A. Conclusion... 98 B. Implication... 99 1. Positive Politeness in Classroom Activities... 99 2. Positive Politeness as Teaching Materials.... 100 C. Suggestion... 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY... 102 APPENDICES.... 104 xiii
AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGY EMPLOYED IN MOVIE ENTITLED OLIVER TWIST AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN LANGUAGE TEACHING THESIS By: RADITYA MOHAMAD K2210065 English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 2016 xiv