Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) What? Environmental Indices Why? Environmental Indices Benefit?
Role of Index (Water Quality) WQI numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value The single value can be used to comparedata from several sites It can be used to look at trends over time on a single site
Quadrant Analysis 15 Nitrate-N Conce entration (Normalize ed) 10 5 0-5 Quad 2 Quad 3 PRIORITY? -10 Quad 1 Quad 4-15 Flow (Normalized)
Impact Population Size Sub Catchment-1 (SC-1) SC-2 WWTP WQ? River SC-3 SC-3 NEW
Impact Population Size 5 DO Concentratio on (mg/l) 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 0 DO 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Population size (x1000)
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) When a lake or stream does not meet WQ Standard, a study must be completed to determine the amount of a pollutant that can be put in a waterbody from point sources and nonpoint sources and still meet WQS. A TMDL is used as a short hand acronym to describe the process used to determine how much pollutant load a lake or stream can assimilate
TMDL (continued) A TMDL is a written, quantitative assessment of WQ problems and contributing pollutant sources. It specifies the amount of pollutant reduction necessary to meet WQ Standards, allocates the necessary pollutant limits among the various sources in the watershed and It provides a basis for taking actions needed to restore waterbody.
Parts of the Water Quality Index Q-Value-indication of water quality relative to 100 of one parameter Weighting Factor-sets the relative importance of the parameter to overall water quality
Q Value The Q-Value is an indication of how good (or bad) the water quality is relative to one parameter. 100 = Very Good Q = 50 Medium Q = 25 Q = 75 Very Very Good 1 = Very Bad Q = 0 Bad Q = 100
ph Q-Graph and Q-Table ph Q-Value 6.6 81 100 6.8 88 90 7.0 94 80 7.2 98 70 7.4 100 60 50 7.6 98 40 7.8 94 30 8.0 88 20 8.2 80 10 8.4 72 0 Q-Value ph Q-Values 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ph
E.coli Q-Graph & Q-Table E. coli Q-Value 0 100 1 99 2 94 5 89 10 84 20 80 50 74 100 69 200 65 500 27 1000 30 Q-Value 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E. coli Q-Values 1 10 100 1000 10000 E. coli (CFU/100 ml)
Weighting Factors DO 0.17 ph 0.11 E. coli 0.16 Turbidity NO3 T Phos DO E. coli Temp 0.10 Turbidity 0.08 T Phos 0.10 NO 3 0.10 Temp BOD ph BOD 0.11 Total Solid 0.07 Total 1.00
WQI Interpretation Water Quality Index Range Water Quality Rating 90-100 Excellent 70-89 Good 50-69 Medium 25-49 Bad 0-24 Very Bad
Example WQI Calculation Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67 ph ph units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55 E. Coli CFU/100 ml 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94 Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07 T Phos mg/l P 0.2 50 0.1 0.10 5.50 NO3 mg/l N 0.4 91 0.1 0.10 9.12 BOD mg/l 6 36 0.11 0.11 4.34 Total Solid 0.7 Total 1.00 69.2 (?) Quality Rating = WQI = 69.2 MEDIUM
Example WQI Calculation Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67 ph ph units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55 E. Coli CFU/100 ml 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94 Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07 T Phos NO3 BOD Total Solid mg/l P mg/l N mg/l Total WQI = Quality Rating =
Adjusting for Missing Data When a parameter is missing, the sum of the weighting factors that have data can be used to adjust the WQI Sum of the Parametric Index Values is divided by the sum of the weighting factors that have data.
Calculation with Missing Parameter Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 17.67 ph ph units 8 88 10.55 E. coli CFU/100 ml 1750 23 3.94 Temp deg C 0 100 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 7.07 T Phos mg/l P NM Missing data NO3 mg/l N 0.4 91 9.12 BOD mg/l 6 36 4.34 Total 0.89 63.7 Quality Rating = WQI = 71.6 GOOD
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Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) N T S Structure of Environmental Indices Mathematical structure A Two-step Calculation Sub-Index calculation Agregation C O N T E NTwo general forms: increasing & decreasing index
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL)
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) N T S Sub-Index - Linear Function: Increasing & Decreasing, Segmented - Non-linear Function: Implicit & Explicit, Exponential, Segmented - Step-by-step Function C O N T E N- Linear Function:
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S 1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum 6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan 7. Operator Minimum
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) S1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan C O N T E N T 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum 6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan dimana atau dimana 7. Operator Minimum
Function Curves Linear (Increasing) Linear (Decreasing) C O N T E N T S Segmented Linear Non-linear (Explicit) Non-linear (Implicit) Non-linear (Exponential) Non-linear (Segmented) Step-by-step Function
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 1. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 3. Root-Sum-Power C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 4. Root-Mean-Square C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 5. Operator Maksimum C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) 6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan C O N T E N T S
7. Operator Minimum Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S
Environmental Indices (Manajemen TL) S1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan C O N T E N T 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum 6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan dimana atau dimana 7. Operator Minimum
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU) (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU) The use of Environmental Index in Air Pollution C O N T E N T S
Number and Category of ISPU C O N T E N T S Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU) (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU) (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU) C O N T E N T S Number and Category of ISPU
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU) (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU) N T S C O N T E N Functional Curve
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S
Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S Parameter Konsentrasi (Ci) Bakumutu (Lix) TSS 100 50 DO 2 6 ph 8 6-9 Fecal coli 2000 1000 BOD 8 2 Se 0,07 0,01 Ci/Lix (Ci/Lix)baru