PRAKARSA Edisi 5 / Januari 2011

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=1**1-*WC/'-'XYW2*&<*1'HMROOWC/'-'=1'&+%1SZ1'%&/.?W,*.IOR/*1'QM Kontrak Berbasis Kinerja untuk Mengelola Pemeliharaan Jalan Raya di Indonesia 3'1%+01*+ 2%&/%1*. 9'&* $*1(* +%.*> :%1*/* /' ;*.<1?*&( :%&*1 <&+< 6%&%1*A*& 80&+1*9%1:*-'-8'&%1;*<&+<A%&(%.0.**&A%6%.'>*1**&;*.*&1*?*I$*&5**+?*&(**& /'>*-'.*&&?***&-*&(*+:%-*1Icd.%>J>%<&-,%&&'&(/*&a*11?$'..%1 a*.'*&/'-%a*&;*&(1<*-;*.*& [*-'0&*.b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utir-Butir Utama Dalam kontrak tradisional, kontraktor dibayar berdasarkan pekerjaan yang telah diselesaikan. Berdasarkan Kontrak Berbasis Kinerja (KBK, kontraktor bekerja secara lump sum, biasanya dengan menerima pembayaran tahunan setelah memenuhi persyaratan kinerja yang mengikat. Pengalaman di dunia internasional menunjukkan bahwa KBK dapat memberikan hasil dengan kualitas yang lebih baik untuk harga yang sama, atau hasil dengan kualitas yang sama dengan harga lebih rendah. Berdasarkan KBK, kontraktor dipaksa untuk menerapkan strategi pemeliharaan yang optimal. Hal ini mungkin memberi manfaat khusus di Indonesia, di mana sejak lama sumber daya telah dikonsentrasikan pada jalan yang kondisinya paling buruk, bukan pada pemeliharaan jalan untuk mencegah kebutuhan rehabilitasi besar-besaran. Direktorat Bina Teknik di Ditjen Bina Marga (DJBM saat ini sedang melaksanakan dua proyek percontohan Kontrak Berbasis Kinerja (KBK pada ruas jalan nasional sepanjang 30 kilometer. Dukungan diberikan oleh Prakarsa Infrastruktur Indonesia (IndII yang didanai oleh AusAID. Dukungan ini mencakup kajian atas dokumen lelang dan bantuan dalam finalisasi dokumen penawaran. Kajian itu menemukan bahwa dokumen dan proses yang ada di Bintek secara umum memiliki standar yang sangat tinggi. Sejumlah rekomendasi telah disampaikan tentang pengurangan dan pembagian risiko. Secara khusus, hambatan kesinambungan harus ditetapkan agar penawaran dengan harga murah namun tidak berkesinambungan didiskualifikasi. Beberapa risiko harus dialihkan agar ditanggung oleh kontraktor. Selain itu, dewan tata kelola harus dibentuk untuk membuat berbagai keputusan yang tidak dapat ditangani oleh manajer proyek kontraktor dan Pengawas dari DJBM. IndII memberikan dukungan yang berkelanjutan agar DJBM dapat melaksanakan proyek percontohan KBK ini secara efektif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

=1**1-*WC/'-'XYW2*&<*1'HMROOWC/'-'=1'&+%1SZ1'%&/.?W,*.IOM/*1'QM A%&(>%6*+*& :'*?* -%*.'(<- 6%&;*(* +'&(*+.*?*&*&?*&( */*H *+*< A%&'&(*+*&?*&( -'(&'5'*& A*/* 0&/'-' ;*.*& -%*.'(<- 6%&;*(* A%&(%.<*1*& A*/* +'&(*+?*&( 0&-+*& <&+< :'/*&(S:'/*&(?*&(6%&;*/'-*-*1*&898I 9*/*&S:*/*& &*-'0&*.?*&( 6%&%1*A*& 898 <&+< 50<- %5'-'%&-'H :<*& %A*/* A%&'&(*+*& 0&/'-' ;*.*&H +%.*> 6%&(>*-'.*& A%&(>%6*+*& :%1'-*1 *&+*1* OY A%1-%& -*6A*' QR A%1-%& N,?6*&HMRRUPId.%>*1%&*'+<H6*&5**+/*1'-'-':'*?*?*&(/'>*-'.*&898:'*-*&?*.%:'>:%-*1 /*1'0&+1*+1*/'-'0&*.H/*&/%&(*&/%6''*&/*A*+/'*+**&:*>G*8986%6:%1'*&8(-2$='# 5'+$4?*&(.%:'>:*'I P:@3>01MAMO05C->-84T18:1064- =*1* 0&-<.+*& /*1' =1**1-* "&51*-+1<+<1 "&/0&%-'* N"&/""P?*&( /':'*?*' 0.%> 7<-7"3 -%/*&( 6%6:*&+< 329$ /*.*6 A%&%1*A*& 898 A%1+*6* *.' /' "&/0&%-'*I 3<<&(*&?*&( /':%1'*& -*6A*' -**+ '&' 6%&@*<A A%&(*;'*& /0<6%&.%.*&( /*& -A%-'5'*-'?*&( */*H B%1'5'*-'.*A*&(*&*+*-/<**G*-*&A%1@0&+0>*&?*&(+%.*>/''/%&+'5'*-'H/*&:*&+<*&<&+<6%.*<*& 5'&*.'-*-' /0<6%&S/0<6%&?*&( 6%&('*+ <&+< %/<* A10?% A%1@0&+0>*& '+<I #%6<* /0<6%& '+< A*/* *G*.&?* 6%&((<&**& &$53-(&$/*&/0<6%&?*&(/'-%/'**&0.%>9*& 3<&'*I=%&(*.*6*&/*1'#%.*&/'*9*1<H7<-+1*.'*/*&&%(*1*6*;<.*'&&?*;<(*/'+%1*A*&<&+< 6%6*-+'*& %:%1>*-'.*& 0&+1* 898?*&( A%1+*6* /' "&/0&%-'* -<-%-H /%&(*& +<;<*& <+*6*&?**/*.*>*.'>A%&(%+*><*&%A*/*-+*5329$I =10-%- A%&(*/**& <&+< %/<* 898 '&' :%1<A* A10-%-.%.*&( /<* +*>*AH J*>*A A%1+*6*H?*&( :*1<-*;*-%.%-*'H*/*.*>A%6'.'>*&*&/'/*+&06'&*-':%1/*-*1*&#<1*+=%1&?*+**&$'&*+/*1' A*1* 0&+1*+01?*&( 6%6%&<>' -?*1*+I J*>*A %/<*?*&( 6%&<;< %A*/* A%.%.*&(*& *>'1 A%%1;**&H**&6%&@*<A*;'*&*+*-A10A0-*.+%&'-/*&5'&*&-'*.H/%&(*&A%&%*&*&><-<- A*/*A%&/%*+*&+%&'--%1+*8(-2$='#5'+$4-%@*1*<6<6:*('"&/0&%-'*I 8*;'*& "&/"" *+*- /0<6%& /*& -A%-'5'*-'.%.*&(?*&( */* 6%&%6<*& :*>G* /0<6%& /*& A10-%-?*&( */* /' 9'&+% -%@*1* <6<6 :%1-+*&/*1 -*&(*+ +'&(('I 9%:%1*A* 1%06%&/*-' A%1:*'*&+%.*>/':<*+H?*&(<6<6&?*:%1/*-*1*&-</<+A*&/*&(A%1%6:*&(*&+%1'&'/*1' A1*+'898I:%:%1*A*1%06%&/*-'<+*6*/'1*&(<6/':*G*>'&'I Q01G0.:.-<464@:801G-1Q01GG31-@-1MAM 8986%&*G*1*&-%1*&(*'*&0A-':*(''&-+*&-'A%&(%.0.*;*.*&<&+<6%&(%.0.*1'-'06%.*.<' 0&+1*I7/*/<*A%1+'6:*&(*&<+*6*<&+<A%&(%.0.**&1'-'0A*/*+*>*A*G*.A%.*-*&**& 898H?*'+<D OI$%&(<1*&('1'-'0%(*(*.*&0&+1*6%.*.<'-A%-'5'*-'.%.*&(HA%&'.*'*&/*&A10-%--%.%-'g MI$%&%&+<*&A%&(*+<1*&?*&(A*.'&(+%A*+<&+<:%1:*('1'-'0:%1/*-*1*&898/'"&/0&%-'* <&+<0&+1*;*&(*A*&;*&(I