Penggunaan Distribusi Normal

Transkripsi

1 Penggunaan Distribusi Normal Penerapan data antropometri dapat dilakukan jika ada nilai mean (rata-rata) dan SD (standard deviasi) dari suatu distribusi normal Persentil: suatu nilai yg menyatakan bahwa persentase tertentu dari sekelompok orang yang dimensinya sama atau lebih rendah dari nilai tersebut Distribusi Normal & Perhitungan Persentil Look at the range of height sizes shortest Average tallest 1

2 Most fit into the middle range This can represented by a graph called a distribution curve... Now look at how many people there are of each size The graph is divided into 100ths These are called Percentiles The graph represents 100% of the population This is the 50th Percentile 2

3 Average man belongs in the 50th Percentile ukuran Maksimum : 90%, 95%,99% PERSENTIL the 50th Percentile is the largest group of people Penggunaan data antropometri Minimum : 10%, 5%,1% Contoh perhitungan persentil Desain untuk ukuran ekstrim (maksimum/ minimum) Desain untuk ukuran yang disesuaikan Desain untuk rata-rata pemakainya 3

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5 Aplikasi Data Anthopometri Dalam Perancangan Produk / Fasilitas Prinsip Perancangan berdasarkan Ukuran Ekstrim Ukuran yang diaplikasikan ditetapkan dengan cara : Untuk dimensi maksimum yang harus ditetapkan dari suatu rancangan produk umumnya didasarkan pada nilai percentile yang terbesar seperti 90-th,95-th atau 99-th percentile. Contohnya adalah pada penetapan ukuran lebar dan tinggi dari pintu. Untuk dimensi minimum yang harus ditetapkan diambil berdasarkan nilai percentile yang paling rendah (1-th,5th,10-th percentile dari distribusi data antropometri yang ada. Contohnya adalah pada penetapan jarak jangkauan dari suatu mekanisme kontrol yang dioperasikan oleh operator. Anthropometry in design It would not be possible to design a product that would suit everyone So Designers focus on people within the most common size range Designing for this range of sizes helps make sure products fit as many people as possible 5

6 These people are in the range between the 5th and 95th percentiles The seat is padded for comfort The seat rotates to to reduce twisting of the body The seat has 5 castors so that it won t tip over Good Ergonomic design is based on Anthropometric Data Q. How has this designer considered the user? 5th to 95th percentile is 90% of people 5th Percentile 95th Percentile The seat is shaped so the weight is supported evenly The handle is easily accessible The height adjusts to suit different desk heights How do Anthropometrics affect Ergonomic design? Q. When designing a door who should we consider? A. The tallest people 6

7 But if all doors were designed to suit the tallest person they would need to be over 2.75 metres high! That is a metre taller than the average man. Robert Pershing Wadlow 8 11 was the tallest person the tallest living person is 8 9 Lets look at another example where Anthropometrics affects design Q. When designing a supermarket who should we consider? A. The shortest people So instead doors are made to suit people using the 95th Percentile for height. We ignore those above that height. 1870mm People below the 95th Percentile 95th Percentile The shelves in the supermarket need to be designed so that so that the shortest people can reach the items safely But the shortest person can only reach shelves 1.5 metres high This would mean that supermarkets would have to be almost twice as big to stock the same number of goods 7

8 So instead the shelves are designed using the 5th Percentile for height. We ignore those below that height. 1500mm People above the 5th Percentile 5th Percentile Lets look at one more example Q. When designing a chair who should we consider? A. The shortest and the Tallest people We will focus on one measurement. The height of the seat This is the called the Popliteal measurement The Popliteal is the height from the back of the knee to the floor when sitting If we design for the 5th Percentile the chair seat would be 380mm high 8

9 If we design for the 95th Percentile the chair seat would be 470mm high To get the feel of this raise your feet of the ground It is uncomfortable In this instance the designer uses the 50th Percentile for Popliteal height. So the chair is comfortable for most people 425mm 50th Percentile Example Consider the design of these products Popliteal Example Consider the design of this product 9

10 Example Consider the design of this product Example Consider the design of this product Credits and websites Adultdata handbook of Adult Antropometric and Strength Measurements - DTI SCE Standard Grade Craft and Design Revision Notes - Simon Rhodes Open Ergonomics Loughborough Technology Centre Produced by Jon Stembridge Lasswade High School Centre Midlothian Council Education