AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED THE GREAT DEBATERS THESIS ANIS KUMALASARI K

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1 AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED THE GREAT DEBATERS THESIS ANIS KUMALASARI K ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2015 i

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3 AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED THE GREAT DEBATERS THESIS ANIS KUMALASARI K ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2015 iii

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6 ABSTRACT AnisKumalasari. K An Analysis Of Evidences Used In The Arguments Delivered By The Characters In The Film Entitled The Great Debaters. Thesis.English Department.Teacher Training and Education Faculty.SebelasMaret University. Surakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used the film entitled The Great Debaters and its transcript as the source of the data in order to collect the data of the research. The aims of this study were to find out 1) the types of evidences used in the arguments delivered by the characters in the film The Great Debaters ; 2) how the characters in the film The Great Debaters use evidence in their arguments. To achieve the aims, the researcher analyzed the data by using 1) Johnson and Huber & Robert B. theory of evidence types; 2) Baron s theory of positive evidence and negative evidence. The writer also uses the Toulmin theory of argumentation formula as the guideline to describe how the evidences are elaborated in the argument. The findings of this study are 1) there are six types evidence used by the character of the film entitled The Great Debaters, namely factual examples, value, statistics, quotation, lay witness, and belief; 2) the characters in the film The Great Debaters mostly use the strategies of negative evidence which is used to strengthen their rebuttal against the opponent or to broke the opponent s justification. Keywords: debate, argument, evidence vi

7 ABSTRAK AnisKumalasari. K AnalisispadaBukti yang DigunakandalamArgumen yang DisampaikanolehKarakter-Karakterdalam Film yang Berjudul The Great Debaters.Skripsi.BahasaInggris. FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikan.UniversitasSebelasMaret. Surakarta. Penelitianinimenggunakanmetodekualitatifdeskriptif.Penelitimenggunakan film yang berjudul The Great Debaters besertatranskripnyasebagaisumber data yang bertujuanuntukmengumpulkan data daripenelitianini. Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahui 1) jenis-jenisbukti yang digunakandalamargumen yang disampaikanolehkarakter-karakter yang adadalam film The Great Debaters ; 2) bagaimanakarakter-karakterdalam film The Great Debaters tersebutmenggunakanbuktidalamargumennya.untukmencapaitujuantujuantersebut, penelitimenganalisadata denganmenggunakan 1) teorijenisjenisbuktioleh Johnson dan Huber & Robert B; 2) teoribuktipositifdanbuktinegatifoleh Baron.PenulisjugamenggunakanteoriargumentasiolehToulminsebagaipanduanuntu kmendeskripsikanbagaimanabukti-buktitersebutdiuraikan di dalam argument. Hasildaripenelitianiniadalah 1) terdapatenamjenisbukti yang digunakanolehkarakter-karakterdalam film The Great Debaters, seperticontohnyata, nilai, statistic, kutipan, kesaksian orang awam, dankepercayaan; 2) karakterdalam film The Great Debaters lebihmenggunakanstrategibukti negative yang digunakanuntukmemperkuatsanggahannyaterhadaplawanatauuntukmenghancurka nkebenarandarilawan. Kata kunci: debat, argumen, bukti vii

8 MOTTO Have Patience. Allah does not deny the rewards of the righteous. The Holy Qur an 11:115 Acquire knowledge, and learn tranquility and dignity. Umar ibn Al-Khattab " 상상하고꿈을꾸세요. 그럼자기가원하는대로세상이움직일것입니다." Imagine and dream. Then the world will change to how you want it to be. 인피니트남우현 viii

9 DEDICATION I sincerely dedicated this thesis to: 1. My beloved father and mother for their infinite love, prayer, and support. 2. Our cool dad, Shin Jung Rakgwajangnimwho cannot stop nagging me to finish this thesis. 항상논문빨리끝내라는잔소리를하신우리멋진아빠, 신정락과장님. ix

10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All praise is to Allah for His blessing to me that I can finish this thesis. I also believe that this thesis cannot be finished without support and encouragement from many people. I would like to express my greatest gratitude to everyone who has given support to me in completing this thesis as mentioned below: 1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret University. 2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for his permission to write this thesis. 3. Drs. A. DahlanRais, M.Hum, the first concultant, for all his guidance, ideas, and patience in guiding me to make this thesis better. 4. Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd, M.Pd, the second consultant, for her kindness in giving me advice and encouragement from the beginning to the completion of this thesis. 5. All the lecturers, administrative staffs, and friends in English Department of SebelasMaret University for the assistance during my study in English Department. 6. My beloved mother and father, for their unlimited love, support, and prayer. x

11 7. Dream Team fellow members, Ani and Anggra; my roommate, Hida; and my bestie, Ismi for their cheer and encouragement. I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect, so I gratefully welcome any comment and suggestion for betterment of this thesis. I hope this thesis will give some knowledge for the reader and can contribute for further research in the future. Surakarta, October 2015 AnisKumalasari TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER... i PRONOUNCEMENT... ii TITLE OF THE RESEARCH... iii APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS... iv APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS... v ABSTRACT... vi ABSTRAK... vii MOTTO... viii DEDICATION... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... xii TABLE OF CONTENTS... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES... xiv xi

12 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1 A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Problem Limitation... 3 C. Problem Statements... 4 D. Objectives of the Study... 4 E. Benefits of the Study... 4 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW... 5 A. Debate The Notion of Debate The Formats of Debate... 6 B. Argument The Notion of Argument Types of Argument The Toulmin Model of Argumentation C. Rebuttal The Notion of Rebuttal Types of Rebuttal Reason of Giving Rebuttal D. Evidence The Notion of Evidence Types of Evidence The Strategy of Using Evidence E. Film The Notion of Film Synopsis of The Great Debaters CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Type of Research xii

13 B. Data and Source of Data C. Equipment of the Research D. Technique of Collecting Data E. Technique of Coding Data F. Technique of Analyzing Data G. Technique of Analyzing Data CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Introduction B. Data Analysis C. Discussion The Types Of Evidence Used By The Debaters The Use of Evidence in Debaters Argument CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion B. Implication C. Suggestion For EFL Teachers For Students BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES xiii

14 LIST OF APPENDICES 1. The debate script of The Great Debaters film 2. Research data of evidences xiv