PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG, KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT.

Transkripsi

1 PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG, KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT Oleh RAHMAWATI A PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH FAKULTAS PERTANIAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 2006

2 SUMMARY RAHMAWATI. Detemination of Heavy Metals Content and Distribution of their Pollution in Soils of Industrial Area of Cikarang, Bekasi Residence, West Java. Supervised by ISKANDAR and UNTUNG SUDADI. Uncontrolled disposal of pollutant substances such as heavy metals by various industrial, domestic, transportation and agricultural activities into the environment caused potential dangers for living organisms. Generally, heavy metals are difficult to be dicomposed by soil microbes, thereby being accumulated in the soil, plant, animal and human body through the food chain. This research was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and distribution of their contamination or pollution levels in soils of agricultural fields located in the vicinity of industrial area of Cikarang, Bekasi residence, West Java. The soils sample were taken compositely at 0-10 cm depth in 21 sampling points. Laboratory analyses were carried out to analyse the content of total soil heavy metals (Aqua Regia, HCl and HN03 1 : 3) and heavy metal bioavailable fraction (0.5 A4 NaOAc M EDTA), ph, organic matter, CEC and soil texture. The soil heavy metal contamination/pollution level was evaluated based on the C/p indext values calculated according to the procedure proposed by Lacatusu (1998). The total soil heavy metals content in the study area, except for Cr, were above the normal ranges. The total content of soil Pb was mgkg with Clp indext of (slight contamination-slight pollution). The total content of soil Zn was mg/kg (Clp = or moderatesevere pollution), Cd was mglkg (C/p = or slight-excessive pollution), Cu was mgkg (Clp = or moderate contamination-slight pollution), Co was mgkg (Clp = or slight contamination-moderate pollution), Ni was mgtkg (Clp = or very slight-moderate contamination) and Cr was mglkg (C/p = or very slight-slight contamination).

3 The content of soil bioavailable fraction of Pb was mag or 11-74% of the total Pb content, while for Zn was mgkg ( %), Ni was mglkg ( %), Cd was mgkg (2-32 %), Co was mgkg (23-42 %), Cu was mgkg (2-10%) and Cr was mag (0.4-7 %). Based on the values of the soil C/p indext, 6 locations of agricultural fields in the study area were in the status of excessive polluted, 7 locations were very severe polluted, 7 locations were severe polluted and 1 location was moderately polluted with Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr heavy metal simultaneously.

4 PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG, KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT Skripsi Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pertanian pada Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor Oleh RAHMAWATI A PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH FAKULTAS PERTANIAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 2006

5 RINGKASAN RAHMAWATI. Penetapan Kadar dan Sebaran Tingkat Pencemaran Logam Berat dalarn Tanah di Sekiiar Kawasan Industri Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Dibimbing oleh ISKANDAR dan UNTUNG SUDADI. Pembuangan mi-mi pencemar berupa logam berat yang tidak terkendali oleh berbagai aktifitas industri, domestik, transportasi dan pertanian ke lingkungan dapat menimbulkan bahaya potensial bagi makhluk hidup. Logam berat secara urnurn sukar diuraikan oleh mikrob tanah, sehingga akan terakumulasi dalam tanah, tanaman, hewan dan tubuh manusia ~nelalui rantai rnakanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan kadar dan sebaran tingkat kontaminasilpencernaran logam berat Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb dan Zn dalam tanah pada lahan-lahan pertanian di sekitar kawasan industri Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Contoh tanah diarnbil secara komposit pada kedalaman 0-10 cm di 21 lahan pertanian. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan terhadap kadar total logam berat (Aqua Regia, HCI dan HNO3 1 : 3) dan logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman (0.5 M NH40Ac M EDTA), ph, bahan organik, KTK dan tekstur tanab. Tingkat kontaminasilpencemaran logam berat dalam tanah dievaluasi berdasarkan nilai indeks Clp menurut prosedur yang diusulkan Lacatusu (1998). Kadar total logarn berat dalam tanah di lokasi.. penelitian, kecuali Cr, berada di atas kisaran kadar normal. Kisaran kadar total untuk Pb adalah mgkg dengan nilai indeks Clp (terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar rendah), Zn sebesar mgkg (Clp = atau tercemar sedang-tercemar berat), Cd sebesar mgkg (Clp = atau tercemar rendah-hebat), Cu sebesar mglkg (Clp = atau terkontaminasi sedang-tercemar rendah), Co sebesar mgkg (Clp = atau terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar sedang), Ni sebesar mgkg (Clp = atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah-sedang) dan untuk Cr sebesar mgkg (Clp = atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah- rendah).

6 Kisaran kadar logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman untuk Pb adalah mgkg atau % dari kadar total Pb, Zn sebesar mgtkg ( %), Ni sebesar m&g ( %), Cd sebesar mgkg (2-32 %), Co sebesar mgkg (23-42 %), Cu sebesar mgkg (2-10%) dan Cr sebesar I3 mgkg (0.4-7 %). Berdasarkan nilai indeks Clp, 6 lokasi lahan pertanian di daerah penelitian berada dalam status tercemar hebat, 7 lokasi lahan tercemar sangat berat, 7 lokasi lahan tercemar berat dan 1 lokasi lahan tercemar sedang terutama oleh logdm berat Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, dan Cr secarzi simultan.

7 Zemenrmgan dan keberhasilan tidak akan dihidangkan di atas Y... dulang emas, tap; diperoleh dengan air mata, darah, kerja keras, keletihan, rasa lapar dan kesulitan &u persembahknn karya in; ruk kasih sayang yang tak pernah lekang, serta doe gang.:. tak techenti dari Gap& dm Jbu gang Ananda eintai.

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