IMPROVING STUDENTS SKILL TO GENERATE IDEAS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS USING 3D POP-UP PICTURES

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1 IMPROVING STUDENTS SKILL TO GENERATE IDEAS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS USING 3D POP-UP PICTURES (A Classroom Action Research at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara) A THESIS By: Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas S ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GRADUATE SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2017

2 APPROVAL IMPROVING STUDENTS SKILL TO GENERATE IDEAS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS USING 3D POP-UP PICTURES (A Classroom Action Research at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara) Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas S This thesis has been approved by the consultants of English Education Department of Graduate Program of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta In December 2016 Consultant I Consultant II Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D Dr. Sujoko, M.A NIP NIP Approved By Head of Education Department of Graduate Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd. NIP

3 LEGITIMATION IMPROVING STUDENTS SKILL TO GENERATE IDEAS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS USING 3D POP-UP PICTURES (A Classroom Action Research at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara) By: Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas S This Thesis Has been Approved by The Consultants of English Education Department of Graduate Program Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta in January 2017 Board of examiners: Signature Chairman Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd ( ) NIP Secretary Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd ( ) NIP Examiners 1. Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D ( ) NIP Dr. Sujoko, M.A ( ) NIP Legalized by The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University The Head of English Education Department of Graduate Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd NIP Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd NIP

4 PRONOUNCEMENT This is to certify that I myself write the thesis entitled: IMPROVING STUDENTS SKILL TO GENERATE IDEAS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS USING 3D POP-UP PICTURES (A Classroom Action Research at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara) It is not a plagiarism or made by other authors. Anything related to others works are written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography. If later on this pronouncement proved incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic punishment, including the withdrawal or cancellation of academic degree. Surakarta, January 2017 Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas NIM S ABSTRACT

5 Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas, NIM.S Improving Students Skill to Generate Ideas in Writing Descriptive Texts Using 3D Pop-up Pictures (A Classroom Action Research at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara). Thesis, the consultants: Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D and Dr. Sujoko, M.A. Surakarta: English Education Department of Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, The objectives of the research are: (1) to identify whether the use of 3D Pop-up pictures can improve the students skill to generate ideas in writing descriptive text or not; and (2) to describe the difficulties in implementing 3D Pop-up pictures in this research. The Classroom Action Research was conducted at SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara for 7 months from June to December The subject of the research was the seventh grade students of SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara consisted of 36 students. The method consisted of 2 cycles. Every cycle included planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In collecting data, I used observation, documentation, questionnaire, interview, and test. After collecting the data, the researcher analysed quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were analysed by Descriptive Statistics. It compared among, Pre and post test 1 and 2. Meanwhile the qualitative data were analysed by CCM (Constant Comparative Method). It consisted of comparing incidents applicable to each category, integrating categories, delimiting theory, and writing theory. The result of the research shows that 3D Pop-up picture can improve students skill to generate ideas, which focuses on (1) increasing the number of paragraphs in piece of writing; (2) increasing the number of sentences in each paragraph to support main idea; (3) mention objective facts of a thing; (4) mention the opinion of the thing they describe; (5) produce more grammatical sentences; (6) use correct precise diction; (7) connect the sentences by using cohesive devices. The mean score for pre test: 50.9, test cycle I: 62.2 and for test cycle II: Compared to KKM (passing grade) which is 73, the score is improving. There are some difficulties in the implementation of teaching writing using 3D Pop-up picture: (1) making the students concentrate when the teacher explains the material; (2) increasing the ability of the students to know the meaning of the words in English; (3) making the class situation became quiet; (4) making the students more active to interact with the teacher by asking some questions; (5) making the students participate to move forward to write their answer. In conclusion, 3D Pop-up picture is able to improve students skill to generate ideas in writing descriptive texts and there are some difficulties in implementing 3D Pop-up picture. The suggestion for English teacher that 3D Popup picture can be used in teaching writing, especially descriptive text. Key words: writing, 3D Pop-up picture, generating idea, descriptive text, and classroom action research.

6 ABSTRAK Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas, NIM.S Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa untuk Menghasilkan Ide dalam Menulis Teks Deskriptif Menggunakan Gambar 3D Pop-up ( Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara). Tesis, pembimbing: Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D dan Dr. Sujoko, M.A. Surakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengidentifikasi apakah penggunaan gambar 3D Pop-up dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk menghasilkan ide-ide dalam menulis teks deskriptif; dan (2) untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan dalam menerapkan gambar 3D Pop-up dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilakukan di SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara selama 7 bulan dari bulan Juni sampai Desember Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A SMP N 1 Mayong, Jepara terdiri dari 36 siswa. Metode ini terdiri dari 2 siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Dalam pengumpulan data, digunakan observasi, dokumentasi, angket, wawancara, dan tes. Setelah mengumpulkan data, peneliti menganalisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan Deskriptif Statistik. Ini dibandingkan antara, Pre dan ujian akhir 1 dan 2. Sementara data kualitatif dianalisis dengan CCM (Metode Perbandingan Konstan). Ini terdiri dari perbandingan insiden yang berlaku untuk masing-masing kategori, mengintegrasikan kategori, pembatasan teori, dan menulis teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambar 3D Pop-up dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk menghasilkan ide-ide, yang berfokus pada (1) meningkatkan jumlah paragraf dalam tulisan; (2) meningkatkan jumlah kalimat dalam setiap paragraf untuk mendukung gagasan utama; (3) mampu menyebutkan fakta-fakta dari obyek yang dilihat; (4) mampu menyebutkan pendapat tentang hal yang mereka gambarkan; (5) mampu menghasilkan kalimat dengan grammar yang benar; (6) dapat menggunakan pemilihan kata yang tepat; (7) dapat menghubungkan kalimat dengan menggunakan kata hubung. Skor ratarata untuk pre test: 50.9, tes siklus I: 62.2 dan untuk tes siklus II: Dibandingkan dengan KKM (kriteria ketuntasan minimal) yang merupakan 73, skor meningkat. Ada beberapa kesulitan dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran menulis menggunakan gambar 3D Pop-up yaitu: (1) membuat siswa berkonsentrasi saat guru menjelaskan materi; (2) meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk mengetahui arti dari kata-kata dalam bahasa Inggris; (3) membuat situasi kelas menjadi tenang; (4) membuat siswa lebih aktif dalam berinteraksi dengan guru dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan; (5) membuat siswa berpartisipasi untuk maju ke depan untuk menulis jawaban mereka. Kesimpulannya, gambar 3D Pop-up mampu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk menghasilkan ide-ide dalam menulis teks deskriptif dan ada beberapa kesulitan dalam penerapan gambar 3D Pop-up. Saran untuk guru bahasa Inggris yaitu gambar 3D Pop-up dapat digunakan dalam pengajaran menulis terutama teks deskriptif. Kata kunci: menulis, gambar 3D Pop-up, menghasilkan ide, teks deskriptif, dan penelitian tindakan kelas.

7 MOTTO Do what you can, with what you have, and where you are. (Theodore Roosevelt) Dedication

8 My Father Murtandho My Mother Ninik Suharmini, Mas Tuhu & Mega ACKNOWLEDGMENT

9 In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, all praises and thanks are only dedicated for Allah SWT, who gives the blessing and help so I can finish the thesis. I would like to express special gratitude to those who have given their help, guidance, and support in writing this thesis: 1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for approving this thesis. 2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for giving permission to write the thesis. 3. Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D, the first consultant for her patience, guidance, and suggestions. 4. Dr. Sujoko, M.A, the second consultant for his patience, guidance, and suggestions. 5. Rofi i, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 1 Mayong, Jepara for facilitating the writer in collecting the data. 6. Rochmawati Noviana, S. Pd as the English teacher of VII A, SMP Negeri 1 Mayong, Jepara who has helped in doing the research. 7. The students of VII A, SMP Negeri 1 Mayong, Jepara for the cooperation during the research. 8. Staff TU SMP Negeri 1 Mayong, Jepara for their best support, joy, and the workload they have given. I accept every suggestion, criticism, and comment from those who concern to this thesis. I hope that this thesis will be able to give contribution and be useful for readers especially for those who are interested in the similar study. Surakarta, January 2017 Nanda Dimas Cahaya Pamungkas

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE... THE APPROVAL PAGE LEGITIMATION... PRONOUNCEMENT. ABSTRACT. ABSTRAK MOTTO... DEDICATION. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES... LIST OF FIGURES. LIST OF APPENDICES. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Research 1 B. Problem Statement... 4 C. Objective of the Research D. Significance of the Research CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Theoretical Description Writing a. The Nature of Writing.. 6 b. Writing Skill c. Micro and Macro Skill d. Difficulties in Writing.. 12 e. Teaching Writing f. Generating Idea Descriptive Text a. Texts b. Definition of Descriptive Text.. 23 c. Language Features of Descriptive Text d. Challenge in Writing Descriptive Text Media a. A Learning Media b. Pop Up Pictures as Instructional Media c. Advantages of Pictures d. Teaching Writing Using 3DPP B. Review of Related Researches CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH A. Context of the Research Setting of the Research 45 i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xiii xiv xv

11 2. Time of the Research Subject of the Research B. The Method of the Research Action Research The Procedure of the Research C. Techniques of Collecting Data D. Techniques of Analyzing Data CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Sit 57 uation Prior before Research.. B.... R esearch Implementation 1. Cycle 1.. a. Planning.. b. Acting. 1) First Meeting... 2) Second Meeting... 3) Third Meeting 4) Fourth Meeting.. c. Observing... d. Reflecting... 1) The Strengths in Cycle I 2) The Weaknesses in Cycle I Cycle 2.. a. Planning.. b. Acting. 1) First Meeting... 2) Second Meeting... 3) Third Meeting 4) Fourth Meeting. c. Observing d. Reflecting 1) The Strengths in Cycle II.. 2) The Weaknesses in Cycle II Summary of Research Findings. C. Discussion 96 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion B. Implication C. Suggestion 105 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES.. 112

12 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2 The Example of Descriptive Text Table 3.1 Time Setting of the Research Table 3.2 Scoring Rubric of Writing Test Table 3.3 Range Score of Generating Idea Table 3.4 Scoring Rubric of Generating Idea Table 3.5 Technique of Collecting and Analysing Data Table 4.1 Students Writing Score on Pre-research Table 4.2 Students Score of generating Idea on Pre-research Table 4.3 Students Score of generating Idea on Pre-research Scale Table 4.4 The Result of Pre test on Generating Idea Table 4.5 List of Activities Using 3DPP Table 4.6 Problem Indicators and Activities Table 4.7 Process of the Research Table 4.8 Planning of Students Activity in Cycle I Table 4.9 The result of Observation in Cycle I Table 4.10 The Result of Generating Idea on Cycle I Table 4.11 Students Writing Score in Post Test Cycle I Table 4.12 Students Score of Generating Idea in Post Test Cycle I Table 4.13 Students Score of Generating Idea in Post Test Cycle I Scale Table 4.14 Post Test Score Cycle I Table 4.15 Planning of Students Activity in Cycle II Table 4.16 The Result of Observation in Cycle II Table 4.17 The Result of Generating Idea on Cycle II Table 4.18 The Result of Writing on Cycle II Table 4.19 Students Writing Score in Post Test Cycle II Table 4.20 Students Score of Generating Idea in Post Test Cycle II Table 4.21 Students Score of Generating Idea in Post Test Cycle II Scale

13 Table 4.22 Post Test Score Cycle II Table 4.23 The Comparison between Cycle I and II Table 4.24 The Comparison Score Table 4.25 The Comparison of Average Score on Writing Table 4.26 The Comparison of Average Score on Generating Idea... 95

14 LIST OF FIGURE Figure Page Figure 3.1 The Wheel Process of Writing...37 Figure 3.2 Classroom Action Research Model...45

15 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page Appendix 1 Syllabi Appendix 2 Lesson Plan Appendix 3 Lesson Plan Appendix 4 Cycle I Field Note Appendix 5 Cycle I Field Note Appendix 6 Cycle I Field Note Appendix 7 Cycle I Field Note Appendix 8 Cycle II Field Note Appendix 9 Cycle II Field Note Appendix 10 Cycle II Field Note Appendix 11 Cycle II Field Note Appendix 12 Interview in Pre-Research Appendix 13 Interview after Research Appendix 14 Observation in Cycle I Appendix 15 Observation in Cycle II Appendix 16 Students Scoring Result Appendix 17 Questionnaire Appendix 18 Writing Sheet Appendix 19 Readability of Writing Text Appendix 20 Photographs Appendix 21 Surat Keterangan Penelitian Appendix 22 Students results