CHILD ABUSE AND ADULTS FAILURES FOUND IN TONI MORRISON S THE BLUEST EYE A THESIS BY: ELGREEN REG.NO.O8O7O5O45

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1 CHILD ABUSE AND ADULTS FAILURES FOUND IN TONI MORRISON S THE BLUEST EYE A THESIS BY: ELGREEN REG.NO.O8O7O5O45 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2012

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3 Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum NIP NIP

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5 AUTHOR S DECLARATION I, ELGREEN DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed: Date :

6 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : ELGREEN TITLE OF THESIS : CHILD ABUSE AND ADULTS FAILURES FOUND IN TONI MORRISON S THE BLUEST EYE QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date :

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, the writer would like to thank the Almighty God, Jesus Christ for His guidance and His blessing so that this thesis, as one of the requirements for graduating from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan can be finished timely. Here the writer would also like to express her greatest honours and thanks to: 1. Her supervisor, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum and her co-supervisor, Dra. Hj. Rohani Ganie, M.Hum for their willingness to spend their valuable time in supervising her during the improvement of her thesis, as well as to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis MA, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, and Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the Head of Department of English and Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum, the Secretary of Department of English, for their advice and encouragement during her study in this faculty and also to Pak Am for his help in administration matter. 2. Her parents D. Wendra Teh and R. Poespita Sari as well as her brother, H. Prawira who always pray, encourage, and support her during the academic years. 3. Her best friends, Fita Chyntia, Isahbela, Mia Pratiwi Tarigan, and Stephannie for their kindness, help, and support through these four years. 4. Last but not the least is to all of her friends in Department of English who always stand by her. May God always bless you all. The Writer Elgreen

8 ABSTRACT Skripsi ini berjudul Child Abuse and Adults Failures Found in Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye membahas tentang tindak-tindak kekerasan pada anak yang dialami oleh seorang remaja berkulit hitam bernama Pecola Breedlove sebagai tokoh utama serta kegagalan-kegagalan orang dewasa di sekitarnya seperti Cholly Breedlove, Pauline Breedlove, dan the Soaphead Church alias Elihue Micah Whitcomb di dalam mendidik dan melindungi sang anak. Tindak-tindak kekerasan yang dialami oleh Pecola dapat dibagi menjadi isolasi, penyiksaan fisik, pemerkosaan, dan penyiksaan emosi yang membuatnya menjadi seorang penyendiri hingga akhirnya memiliki gangguan mental. Sedangkan kegagalan-kegagalan yang terlihat pada Cholly Breedlove, Pauline Breedlove, atau the Soaphead Church alias Elihue Micah Whitcomb meliputi penolakan terhadap nilai moral, keegoisan orang tua dan keputusaasaan dalam menjalani hidup. Penelitian tentang kedua masalah ini diangkat dari novel The Bluest Eye yang merupakan sumber data utama dengan mempergunakan pendekatan ekstrinsik dan psikologi. Teori psikologi yang menjadi landasan penelitian ini adalah teori psikoanalisis berupa id, ego, dan super-ego yang dikemukakan oleh Sigmund Freud dalam buku Pasotti (1977) dan teori kebutuhan hierarki yang dikemukakan oleh Abraham Maslow (1970). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kulitatif deskriptif dan kedua teori tersebut ditemukakan bahwa kekerasan yang dialami oleh seorang anak yang bernama Pecola Breedlove dapat berasal dari dalam maupun luar keluarga yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif di dalam pembentukan karakter sang anak. Selain itu, juga dapat dilihat bahwa adanya hubungan diantara kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang dewasa dengan kegagalan-kegagalan yang dialami mereka.

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS v vi vii viii ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Problems of the Study Objective of the Study Scope of the Study Significance of the Study 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE Earlier Studies Novel A Brief Description of Children Adolescents A Brief Description of Child Abuse Types of Child Abuse Child Neglect Physical Abuse Child Sexual Abuse Psychological Abuse A Brief Description of Adults 18

10 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Method Data Collection Data Analysis 22 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS OF CHILD ALBUSE AND ADULTS FAILURES Child Abuse Isolation in The Bluest Eye Torture in The Bluest Eye Rape in The Bluest Eye Introvert in The Bluest Eye Adults Failures Moral Values Denial in The Bluest Eye Parents Centrism in The Bluest Eye Life Desperation in The Bluest Eye Finding the Relation between Child Abuse and Adults Failures 46 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Suggestion 51 REFERENCES 53 APPENDICES I. TONI MORRISON S BIOGRAPHY AND WORKS II. SUMMARY OF THE BLUEST EYE