Java project on periodontal disease. Periodontal condition in relation to vitamin C, systemic conditions and tooth loss Amaliya, -

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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Java project on periodontal disease. Periodontal condition in relation to vitamin C, systemic conditions and tooth loss Amaliya, - Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Amaliya, A. (2014). Java project on periodontal disease. Periodontal condition in relation to vitamin C, systemic conditions and tooth loss General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please send a message to: UBAcoach or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 10 jan. 2017

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3 Java project on periodontal disease. Periodontal condition in relation to vitamin C, systemic conditions and tooth loss Amaliya

4 The studies in this thesis were conducted at the section of Periodontology and Biochemistry of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and the department of Periodontology of the Padjadjaran State University (UNPAD), Bandung, Indonesia. The author was financial supported by a PhD grant of Nuffic (CF 7454/2011), The Hague, The Netherlands. Financial support for printing: ACTA Graduate School of Dentistry Copyright: Amaliya, Bandung, All rights reserved Cover design: Doddy Lazuardi Printed by: Gildeprint Drukkerijen ISBN: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanically, by photocopy, by recording or otherwise, without permission by the author

5 Java project on periodontal disease. Periodontal condition in relation to vitamin C, systemic conditions and tooth loss ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 18 december 2014, te uur door Amaliya geboren te Bandung, Indonesië

6 Promotiecommissie Promotoren: Prof. dr. U. van der Velden Prof. dr. B.G. Loos Overige leden: Prof. dr. F. Abbas Dr. V.E.A. Gerdes Prof. dr. C. van Loveren Prof. dr. M. Quirynen Prof. dr. G.A. van der Weijden Faculteit der Tandheelkunde Paranimfen: Lia Auliaherliaty Dessy Rachmawati

7 Dedicated to my beloved father, the late Hj. Atik Sumiarsa, My mother Hj. Taty Sumiarsa, My husband Doddy Lazuardi and sweet children of mine, Ganis & Al Badar

8 Preface THE INDONESIAN-DUTCH COLLABORATION The research described in this thesis was a follow-up collaboration study between the Dental Faculty Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD) Bandung-Indonesia and the Department of Periodontology of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) The Netherlands. The research started in 1987 to find prognostic indicators that could play a role in the risk for the development of periodontitis in a population deprived from regular dental care. Until now, this collaboration has been established for 24 years period. The good cooperation could never been accomplished without supports from numerous individuals as well as from institutions. The late Prof. Tet Soeparwadi, drg. SpBM was the pioneer to open the gate for this collaboration. In addition, Prof. Soertini E. Lambri, drg. SpPerio as the head of the departement of Periodontology and drg. Soertiarti Armand and Dr. drg. Sri Wendari MPd, who contacted the tea estate to carry out the baseline study in Last but not least, may the work presented here has some benefits for the field of dentistry and for the international scientific community. Amaliya 6

9 Preface PENELITIAN BERSAMA INDONESIA-BELANDA Penelitian yang dipaparkan dalam tesis ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan dari penelitian bersama antara Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadaran (UNPAD) Bandung- Indonesia dan Departemen Periodontologi di Pusat Akademi Kedokteran Gigi Amsterdam (ACTA)-Belanda. Penelitian tersebut dimulai pada tahun 1987 untuk menemukan indikator prognostik yang mungkin berperan dalam risiko berkembangnya penyakit periodontitis pada populasi yang tidak pernah mendapatkan perawatan gigi secara teratur. Hingga saat ini, penelitian bersama ini telah terjalin selama kurun waktu 24 tahun. Kerjasama yang luar biasa baik ini tidak mungkin dapat terlaksana tanpa dukungan dari berbagai pihak, baik secara pribadi maupun dari institusi. Prof. Tet Soeparwadi (alm) merupakan perintis bagi terbukanya jalan menuju penelitian bersama ini. Demikian juga dengan Prof. Soertini E. Lambri sebagai Kepala Departemen Periodontologi dan staf Departemen Periodontologi, khususnya drg. Soertiarti Armand dan Dr. drg. Sri Wendari, MPd. yang telah menghubungi pihak PTP VIII untuk terlaksananya survey dasar (baseline) pada tahun Akhir kata, mudah-mudahan hasil penelitian yang disajikan dalam tulisan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi dunia ilmu kedokteran gigi dan bagi masyarakat ilmiah internasional. Amaliya 7

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11 Content page Preface 6 Chapter 1 General introduction. 11 Chapter 2 Java project on periodontal diseases. The relationship between 21 vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. Chapter 3 Java project on periodontal diseases. Periodontal bone loss in 37 relation to environmental and systemic conditions. Chapter 4 Effect of vitamin C supplementation in an untreated periodontitis 61 population. An observational study Chapter 5 Java project on periodontal diseases: causes of tooth loss 81 Chapter 6 General discussion 99 Chapter 7 Summary and conclusions 105 Chapter 8 Samenvatting en conclusies 111 Chapter 9 Ringkasan dan simpulan 117 Aknowledgements 123 Curriculaum vitae 125 9