ABSTRACT. The Influence of The Role Internal Audit on Fraud Prevention

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT The Influence of The Role Internal Audit on Fraud Prevention Fraud at any - time may occur within the company. Any form of fraud can be avoided if the company control be good. Internal audit can help management to supervision and control within the company so that policies and strategies taken by the company can survive and even grow, especially control over corporate assets. Fraud usually occurs because of pressure or the impulse to take advantage of opportunities that exist and the justification for such action. Fraud is often also mentioned in more general terms such as theft, extortion, embezzlement, forgery and other. Internal auditors must understand and recognize each element of internal control so that the chance of undetected fraud is reduced. The purpose of this research is to know the significant influence of the internal audit role on fraud prevention. The object of this research is the internal auditor from PT.Telkom Indonesia in Bandung. This study uses the primary data, and has been collected from the selected respondents through questionnaire. The response rate is 80% i.e. 32 questionnaires out of 40. The following hypothesis, which is built based in the frame of thinking that is the internal audit role on fraud prevention. The hypothesis testing using pearson correlation and 5% significant degree r = 0,635 and t count is (4,499) which is more than t table is (2.042). Based on the testing,then Ho hypothesis refused and Ha hypothesis accepted and the result from coefficient determination equal to 40,3% while 59,7% influenced by other factors. Based on analyzed result, the conclusion for this research is the intern audit role have good effort on fraud prevention. Keyword : Internal audit, fraud prevention, pearson correlation, internal control, determination coefficient vii

ABSTRAK Pengaruh Peran Audit Internal Terhadap Pencegahan Kecurangan Kecurangan sewaktu waktu dapat terjadi dalam perusahaan. Segala bentuk kecurangan dapat dihindari apabila pengendalian dalam perusahaan baik. Audit internal dapat membantu manajemen melakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian di dalam perusahaan sehingga kebijakan dan strategi yang ditempuh perusahaan dapat bertahan bahkan berkembang, khususnya pengawasan terhadap aktiva perusahaan. Kecurangan umumnya terjadi karena adanya tekanan (pressure) atau dorongan untuk memanfaatkan kesempatan yang ada dan adanya pembenaran terhadap tindakan tersebut. Kecurangan sering juga disebutkan dalam istilah yang lebih umum seperti pencurian, pemerasan, penggelapan, pemalsuan dan lainnya. Auditor internal harus memahami dan mengenal setiap elemen pengendalian internal sehingga peluang adanya kecurangan yang tak terdeteksi akan berkurang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari peran audit internal terhadap pencegahan kecurangan. Obyek penelitian ini adalah auditor internal dari PT.Telkom Indonesia di Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden yang terpilih. Tingkat pengembalian responden sebesar 80% yang berjumlah 32 kuesioner dari 40 yang disebarkan. Berdasarkan kerangka pemikiran dapat dibuat hipotesis yaitu peran audit internal berpengaruh terhadap pencegahan kecurangan. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan korelasi pearson dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% menghasilkan r = 0,635 dan t hitung yaitu (4,499) lebih besar dari t tabel (2,042). Atas dasar pengujian hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif diterima dan hasil dari koefisien determinasi sebesar 40,3% menunjukkan pengaruh peran audit internal terhadap pencegahan kecurangan sedangkan 59,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor faktor lain. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara peran audit internal terhadap pencegahan kecurangan. Kata kata kunci: Audit Internal, pencegahan kecurangan, pengendalian internal, korelasi Pearson, koefisisen determinasi. viii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL.. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI.. iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv ABSTRACT vii ABSTRAK.. viii DAFTAR ISI. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR.. xiii DAFTAR TABEL.. xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.. xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN.. 1 1.1 Latar belakang Masalah.... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.. 5 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian. 6 1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian 6 1.3.2 Tujuan Penelitian. 6 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian. 6 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN, DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS 7 2.1 Kajian Pustaka. 7 2.1.1 Gambaran Auditing. 7 2.1.1.1 Pengertian Auditing 8 2.1.1.2 Jenis Jenis Audit.. 10 2.1.2 Audit Internal... 12 2.1.2.1 Definisi Audit Internal. 12 2.1.2.2 Tujuan, Fungsi, dan Tanggung Jawab Internal Audit.. 15 2.1.3 Pengendalian Internal... 17 2.1.4 Proses Internal Audit. 20 ix

2.1.5 Standar Profesionalisme Auditor Internal... 25 2.1.5.1 Independensi.. 26 2.1.5.2 Kemampuan Profesional... 28 2.1.5.3 Lingkup Pekerjaan. 31 2.1.5.4 Pelaksanaan Tugas Audit Internal. 34 2.1.5.5 Manajemen Bagian Audit Internal... 35 2.1.6 Kecurangan... 37 2.1.6.1 Pengertian Kecurangan.. 37 2.1.6.2 Faktor Pendorong terjadinya Kecurangan. 38 2.1.6.3 Tanda Tanda Kecurangan... 41 2.1.6.4 Jenis Jenis Kecurangan... 41 2.1.6.4.1 Corruption... 41 2.1.6.4.2 Asset Misappropriation... 42 2.1.6.4.3 Fraudalent Statement... 43 2.1.7 Pencegahan Kecurangan... 44 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran... 45 2.3 Pengembangan Hipotesis... 56 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Obyek Penelitian. 57 3.1.1 Visi PT.Telkom... 57 3.1.2 Misi PT.Telkom.. 57 3.1.3 Sejarah Singkat PT Telkom 57 3.1.4 Struktur Organisasi dan Uraian Tugas... 59 3.2 Metode Penelitian 64 3.2.1 Jenis Data... 64 3.2.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 65 3.2.3 Tipe Skala dan Metode Penskalaan 66 3.2.3.1 Tipe Skala... 66 3.2.3.2 Metode Penskalaan. 66 3.2.4 Operasionalisasi Variabel... 66 3.2.5 Pengujian Validitas dan Reliabilitas... 69 x

3.2.5.1 Pengujian Validitas. 69 3.2.5.2 Pengujian Reliabilitas. 71 3.2.6 Pengujian Hipotesis. 71 3.2.6.1 Penetapan Hipotesis... 72 3.2.6.2 Pemilihan Uji Statistik... 72 3.2.6.3 Penetapan Signifikansi... 74 3.2.6.4 Pengujian Hipotesis... 75 3.2.6.5 Penarikan Kesimpulan 76 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian... 77 4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan..77 4.1.2 Divisi Audit Internal... 78 4.1.3 Hasil Pengumpulan Data. 82 4.1.4 Hasil Pengujian Data... 84 4.1.4.1 Hasil Uji Validitas... 84 4.1.4.2 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas... 85 4.1.5 Hasil Pengolahan Data. 86 4.1.5.1 Peran Audit Internal. 86 4.1.5.2 Pencegahan Kecurangan.. 90 4.1.6 Analisa Pengaruh Peran Audit Internal Terhadap Pencegahan Kecurangan.. 92 4.1.7 Analisa Koefisien Determinasi... 94 4.1.8 Pengujian Hipotesis. 94 4.2 Pembahasan.. 95 4.2.1 Peran Audit Internal... 95 4.2.2 Pencegahan Kecurangan. 96 4.2.3 Pengaruh Peran Audit Internal Terhadap Pencegahan Kecurangan... 96 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan... 97 5.2 Saran 97 xi

DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 99 LAMPIRAN DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE) xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Pemikiran. 55 Gambar 2.2 Paradigma Penelitian 56 xiii

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Perbandingan Konsep Kunci Pengertian Audit Internal. 14 Tabel 3.1 Operasonal Variabel X. 68 Tabel 3.2 Operasional Variabel Y 69 Tabel 3.3 Koefisien Korelasi 74 Tabel 4.1 Responden Berdasarkan Usia. 83 Tabel 4.2 Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin 83 Tabel 4.3 Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan...83 Tabel 4.4 Uji Validitas Variabel X...84 Tabel 4.5 Uji Validitas Variabel Y...85 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen X dan Y 86 Tabel 4.7 Distrubusi Skor Tanggapan Instrumen Peran Audit Internal.. 87 Tabel 4.8 Distribusi Skor Tanggapan Instrumen Pencegahan Kecurangan. 90 Tabel 4.9 Output Korelasi Pearson.. 93 Tabel 5.0 Hasil output Determinasi...94 xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran A Struktur Organisasi PT. Telkom Indonesia Lampiran B Surat Keterangan Penelitian PT.Telkom Indonesia Lampiran C Kuesioner Penelitian Lampiran D Tabulasi Skor Variabel X Lampiran E Tabulasi Skor Variabel Y Lampiran F Instrumen Validitas Lampiran G Instrumen Reliabilitas Lampiran H Tabel Perhitungan Korelasi Pearson xv