SUBJUNCTIVES for the twelfth graders compiled by: Dra. Wulandari 1
Kompetensi Dasar: Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan penyesalan/ keinginan yang berbeda atas keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/kejadian yang sedang atau sudah terjadi (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan Subjunctive) Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan penyesalan/ keinginan yang berbeda atas keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/kejadian yang sedang atau sudah terjadi, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks Tujuan Pembelajaran: Setelah selesai mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat mensyukuri kesempatan mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi international dan mewujudkannya dalam sikap pantang menyerah dan peduli terhadap sesama, serta mampu: 1. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan penyesalan/ keinginan yang berbeda atas keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/kejadian yang sedang atau sudah terjadi (Subjuntive) 2. Menganalisis perbedaan Subjunctive untuk present situation dengan Subjunctive untuk past situation 3. Menggunakan pola kalimat Subjunctive dengan benar sesuai dengan konteksnya 4. Menjelaskan makna kalimat berpola Subjunctive dengan benar sesuai dengan konteksnya 5. Membuat kalimat berpola Subjunctive dengan benar sesuai dengan konteksnya Conceptual Map Contrary to the fact at present Contrary to the fact in the past Glossary Subjunctive is the form (or mood) of a verb that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty 2
SUBJUNCTIVES We use the past tenses with certain expressions to talk about hypothetical situations, which may be in the present, the future or the past. WISH/ IF ONLY wish/ if only + past tense It is used to talk about how we would like a present situation to be different. e.g. I wish I knew the answer. If only she didn t have a boyfriend. wish/ if only + past perfect It is used to express regret at a past situation. e.g. I wish I hadn t said that. If only I had studied harder. wish/ if only + could It is used to talk about ability (or lack of ability) and permission. e.g. I wish I could fly. I wish I could go to the party tonight. It is also used to refer to future event. e.g. I wish Justin could meet me next week. I wish we could meet again in the future. wish/ if only + would It is used to complain about annoying habit. e.g. I wish she wouldn t talk so much. I wish you would help me sometimes. 3
It is also used to refer to something that we would like to happen. e.g. I wish the police would do something about these people. We wish the government would set up a new rule. Note: We can replace wish with if only for emphasis. WOULD RATHER would rather + past tense It is used to talk about our preferences or about something at present that we would like to change. e.g. I d rather we went to the cinema than the theatre. I d rather you didn t speak to me like that. would rather + past perfect It is used to talk about our preferences or about something in the past that we would like to change. e.g. I d rather you hadn t worn a mini dress last night. (Fact: He doesn t know the answer) I d rather you hadn t told her the secret. (Fact: He didn t eat breakfast) IT S (HIGH) TIME It s (high) time + past tense It is used when we want to say that action should be taken to ensure that something happens soon. We can emphasize this by using the expression high time. e.g. It s time you went to bed. You re exhausted. It s high time the government did something about the situation. 4
Note: It s time can also be used with the infinitive. The meaning changes slightly. e.g. It s time you started work (you are being lazy and not working) It s time to start work (a simple statement of fact) AS IF/ AS THOUGH as if/ as though + past tense as if/ as though + past perfect It is used to talk about how a way or a manner in a present situation suggests e.g. He acts as if he knew the answer. (Fact: He doesn t now the answer) He acted as if though he had eaten his breakfast. (Fact: He didn t eat breakfast) Exercises: A. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. If only Harry... (not eat) so much. He s getting quite fat. 2. I d sooner you... (not play) music now if you don t mind. I ve got a terrible headache. 3. It s time you... (find) a place of your own. 4. If only the sun... (shine). It s been so grey and cold recently. 5. I wish you... (stop) asking me all these questions and mind your own business! 6. It s high time Tom... (learn) how to cook. 7. We wish we (have) breakfast before we went to school this morning. 8. If only I (know) earlier, I would have called you. 9. He acts as if he.. (be) the manager. 10. If only he (not get) angry easily, everything would have been better. 5
B. Underline the correct words. 1. If only I had / would have more money! I want to buy that beautiful ring. 2. I wish you didn t interrupt / wouldn t interrupt me when I m speaking it s so rude! 3. It s about time you would stop / stopped being so childish. 4. I wish the neighbours dog would stop /stopped barking. It s driving me crazy. 5. I d rather you didn t chew / chewed gum in class. C. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. 1. I don t like it when you cheat in tests. (wish).... 2. I d prefer you not to go out this evening. (sooner) 3. Please don t put your dirty shoes in the kitchen. (rather) I 4. You should make up with Ben. (time) 5. Everything is so expensive these days. (If only) 6. Don t you think you should apologize to Nick? (high) 7. I regret telling her the news. (wish).. 8. He is sorry he must do a remedial test. (wish).. 9. He does not do the homework so the teachers punishes him. (if only). 10. The children are not studying now. (would rather) Father.. 11. I don t have a car. I would very much like to have one. (wish)... 12. I went to bed late last night. I regret it now. (wish)... 6
13. He won t stop laughing. I would like him to. (would rather)... 14. You didn t tell me the truth. I am sorry that you didn t. (if only).. 15. I m really hungry now. We didn t eat before we came out and I regret that. (wish). D.4 Right or wrong? Correct the wrong sentences. 1. I d sooner you wouldn t sit there. 2. It s time you go to bed. 3. I wish Robert would take things easy. He works far too hard. 4. If only I could fly! 5. I d rather John doesn t come round to the house again. 6. I wish I would be taller...... 7. He acted as if he had visited this place many times.. 8. He walked in front of us as though he were drunk... 9. If only he didn t eat so much garlic last night..... 10. He would rather we stayed at home and watched TV... 7
Bibliography Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 2002. Understanding and Using English Grammar. New York: Pearson Education. Murphy, Raymond. 1985. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nettle, Mark and Diana Hopkins. (n.date). Developing Grammar in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vince Michael and Paul Emmerson. 2003. First Certificate Language Practice. Oxford: Macmillan Education. Walker, Elaine and Steve Elsworth. 2000. Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. 8