Lampiran 1. Hasil Identifikasi Tumbuhan 43
Lampiran 2. Komite Etik Penelitian Hewan 44
Lampiran 3. Gambar Tumbuhan Pecut Kuda 45
Lampiran 4. Bagan alur penelitian uji toksisitas subkronik EEPK Hewan uji (mencit) P1: Kontrol, diberi larutan CMC Na P2: Perlakuan, diberi EEPK dosis 200 P3: Perlakuan, diberi EEPK dosis 400 mg/kg bb P4: Perlakuan, diberi EEPK dosis 800 mg/kg bb Pengamatan selama 28 hari Pengamatan setelah 28 hari Gejala toksik Berat badan Berat makanan Kematian Histopatologi Hati SGPT SGOT Makroskopik Hati Analisis data 46
Lampiran 5. Perhitungan volume pemberian ekstrak etanol pecut kuda dosis 200, 400, dan 800 Dosis ekstrak etanol pecut kuda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 200, 400, dan 800 1. EEPK dosis 200 Berat badan mencit = 25 g Dosis pemberian = 25 x 200 mg 1000 = 5 mg Konsentrasi ekstrak = 200 mg/10 ml Volume pemberian = 5 mg x 10 ml = 0,25 ml 200 mg 2. EEPK dosis 400 Berat badan mencit = 26,1g Dosis pemberian = 26,1 x 400 mg 1000 Konsentrasi ekstrak = 200 mg/10 ml = 10,44 mg Volume pemberian = 10,44 mg 200 mg x 10 ml = 0,52 ml 3. EEPK dosis 800 Berat badan mencit = 27,7 g Dosis pemberian = 27,7 x 800 mg 1000 Konsentrasi ekstrak = 400 mg/10 ml = 22,16 mg Volume pemberian = 22,16 mg 400 mg x 10 ml = 0,55 ml 47
Lampiran 6. Hasil uji pendahuluan 1. Hasil pengamatan kematian Jumlah mencit Hari ke- Persen kematian Kel. 1-7 8 9-21 22 23-25 26 27-28 K1 8 - - - - - - - 0 0 % K2 8 - - - - - - - 0 0% K3 8 - - - - - 1J - 1 12,5 % K4 8-1J - 1J - - - 2 25% Keterangan: K1 = kontrol; K2 = dosis 200 ; K3 = dosis 400 ; K4 = dosis 800 ; J = Jantan 2. Hasil pengamatan gejala toksik Kelompok Gejala Toksik Hari ke- Hewan 1-4 5-14 15-21 22-28 Kontrol Tremor - - - - Diare - - - - Salivasi - - - - Lemas - - - - Jalan mundur - - - - Jalan dengan perut - - - - Dosis 200 Dosis 400 Dosis 800 Tremor - - - - Diare - - - - Salivasi - - - - Lemas - - - - Jalan mundur - - - - Jalan dengan perut - - - - Tremor - - - - Diare - - - - Salivasi - - - - Lemas - - + + Jalan mundur - - - - Jalan dengan perut - - - - Tremor - - - - Diare - - - - Salivasi - - - - Lemas - + + + Jalan mundur - - - - Jalan dengan perut - - - - 48
3. Hasil rata-rata berat badan Kelompok Rata-rata berat badan (g) ± SD pada hari ke- 1 7 14 21 28 K1 27,87 ± 29,72 ± 29,06 ± 28,87 ± 4,29 29,03 ± 4,16 4,03 4,14 4,56 K2 27,61 ± 27,65 ± 27,47 ± 26,92 ± 2,63 26,78 ± 2,69 3,38 1,90 1,99 K3 27,23 ± 28,23 ± 28,44 ± 27,95 ± 6,02 27,69 ± 2,66 4,15 3,79 3,05 K4 26,09 ± 3,78 25,59 ± 3,31 24,69 ± 3,25 25,55 ± 2,57 25,35 ± 2,51 Keterangan: K1 = kontrol; K2 = dosis 200 ; K3 = dosis 400 ; K4 = dosis 800 4. Hasil rata-rata berat makanan Kelompok Rata-rata konsumsi makanan (g) ± SD pada minggu ke- 1 2 3 4 K1 25,39 ± 0,60 24,77 ± 0,60 25,13 ± 0,87 25,05 ± 0,65 K2 24,84 ± 1,09 24,44 ± 0,94 24,71 ± 0,82 24,92 ± 0,68 K3 25,15 ± 0,92 24,91 ± 0,78 24,99 ± 0,95 25,16 ± 0,37 K4 25,10 ± 0,86 24,91 ± 1,05 25,02 ± 0,48 25,16 ± 0,91 Keterangan: K1 = kontrol; K2 = dosis 200 ; K3 = dosis 400 ; K4 = dosis 800 49
Lampiran 7. Hasil pengukuran kadar SGPT dan SGOT 50
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Lampiran 8. Hasil rata-rata kadar SGPT dan SGOT 1. Hasil rata-rata pengukuran SGPT Kelompok Rata-rata kadar SGPT (IU/L) ± SD Normal 38,00 ± 5,55 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 46,00 ± 7,21 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 78,71 ± 4,88* Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 80,83 ± 5,77* Keterangan: * = adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) 2. Hasil rata-rata pengukuran SGOT Kelompok Rata-rata kadar SGOT (IU/L) ± SD Normal 84,75 ± 14,22 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 116,12 ± 68,02 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 250,43 ± 36,63* Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 312,83 ± 67,24* Keterangan: * = adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) 52
Lampiran 9. Gambar hewan percobaan Pemberian sediaan uji secara oral Pembedahan mencit 53
Lampiran 10. Hasil analisis spss berat badan Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum BBharike1 32 27.2044 3.72867 20.89 34.82 BBharike7 32 27.8019 3.56349 20.78 36.12 BBharike14 32 27.4150 3.60359 20.10 36.71 BBharike21 32 27.4150 3.60359 20.10 36.71 BBhariike28 32 27.3031 3.28575 21.32 35.67 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test BBharike1 BBharike7 BBharike14 BBharike21 BBhariike28 N 32 32 32 32 32 Normal Parameters a Mean 27.2044 27.8019 27.4150 27.4150 27.3031 Deviation 3.72867 3.56349 3.60359 3.60359 3.28575 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.132.133.108.108.153 Positive.132.133.108.108.153 Negative -.077 -.120 -.086 -.086 -.113 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.747.753.609.609.865 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).632.622.853.853.442 a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data. 54
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan) Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Upper N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Bound Min. Max. BBharike 1 kontrol 8 27.8738 4.03861 1.42786 24.4974 31.2501 23.95 33.52 dosis 200 8 27.6175 3.38944 1.19835 24.7839 30.4511 23.56 34.82 dosis 400 dosis 800 8 27.2350 4.15955 1.47062 23.7575 30.7125 21.88 34.00 8 26.0913 3.78756 1.33910 22.9248 29.2577 20.89 31.34 Total 32 27.2044 3.72867.65914 25.8600 28.5487 20.89 34.82 BBharike 7 kontrol 8 29.7262 4.14770 1.46643 26.2587 33.1938 25.73 36.12 dosis 200 8 27.6512 1.90562.67374 26.0581 29.2444 25.71 30.41 dosis 400 dosis 800 8 28.2325 3.79278 1.34095 25.0617 31.4033 24.72 35.12 8 25.5975 3.31549 1.17220 22.8257 28.3693 20.78 30.27 Total 32 27.8019 3.56349.62994 26.5171 29.0866 20.78 36.12 BBharike 14 kontrol 8 29.0600 4.56437 1.61375 25.2441 32.8759 23.74 36.71 dosis 200 8 27.4700 1.99600.70569 25.8013 29.1387 24.67 30.41 dosis 400 dosis 800 8 28.4400 3.05076 1.07861 25.8895 30.9905 24.27 32.38 8 24.6900 3.25594 1.15115 21.9680 27.4120 20.10 28.38 Total 32 27.4150 3.60359.63703 26.1158 28.7142 20.10 36.71 BBharike 21 kontrol 8 29.0600 4.56437 1.61375 25.2441 32.8759 23.74 36.71 dosis 200 8 27.4700 1.99600.70569 25.8013 29.1387 24.67 30.41 55
dosis 400 dosis 800 8 28.4400 3.05076 1.07861 25.8895 30.9905 24.27 32.38 8 24.6900 3.25594 1.15115 21.9680 27.4120 20.10 28.38 Total 32 27.4150 3.60359.63703 26.1158 28.7142 20.10 36.71 BBhariike 28 kontrol 8 28.7825 4.29808 1.51960 25.1892 32.3758 24.24 35.67 dosis 200 8 26.9225 2.63950.93320 24.7158 29.1292 24.31 31.67 dosis 400 8 27.9525 3.01541 1.06611 25.4316 30.4734 25.11 32.10 dosis 800 8 25.5550 2.57627.91085 23.4012 27.7088 21.32 29.33 Total 32 27.3031 3.28575.58084 26.1185 28.4878 21.32 35.67 56
Lampiran 10. (Lanjutan) ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. BBharike1 Between Groups 14.870 3 4.957.334.801 Within Groups 416.122 28 14.862 Total 430.992 31 BBharike7 Between Groups 70.165 3 23.388 2.024.133 Within Groups 323.487 28 11.553 Total 393.652 31 BBharike14 Between Groups 89.482 3 29.827 2.668.067 Within Groups 313.080 28 11.181 Total 402.563 31 BBharike21 Between Groups 46.488 3 15.496 1.506.235 Within Groups 288.192 28 10.293 Total 334.680 31 BBhariike28 Between Groups 57.378 3 19.126 2.010.135 Within Groups 266.423 28 9.515 Total 323.801 31 57
Lampiran 11. Hasil analisis spss berat makanan Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum BM_Mingguke1 32 25.1250.86797 23.00 26.37 BM_Mingguke2 32 24.7628.84450 23.15 26.25 BM_Mingguke3 32 24.9650.77959 23.00 26.25 BM_Mingguke4 32 25.0781.65938 23.22 26.12 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test BM_Minggu BM_Minggu BM_Minggu BM_Minggu ke1 ke2 ke3 ke4 N 32 32 32 32 Normal Parameters a Mean 25.1250 24.7628 24.9650 25.0781 Deviation.86797.84450.77959.65938 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.177.167.126.152 Positive.109.087.100.065 Negative -.177 -.167 -.126 -.152 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.001.947.711.857 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).269.331.693.455 a. Test distribution is Normal. Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Upper N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound Min. Max. BM Minggu ke1 kontrol 8 25.3962.60323.21327 24.8919 25.9006 24.45 26.37 dosis 200 8 24.8462 1.09906.38858 23.9274 25.7651 23.00 26.25 dosis 400 8 25.1525.92113.32567 24.3824 25.9226 23.15 26.12 dosis 800 8 25.1050.86129.30451 24.3849 25.8251 23.24 26.31 58
Total 32 25.1250.86797.15344 24.8121 25.4379 23.00 26.37 BM Minggu ke2 kontrol 8 24.7788.60690.21457 24.2714 25.2861 24.12 25.43 dosis 200 8 24.4462.94588.33442 23.6555 25.2370 23.15 25.53 dosis 400 8 24.9125.78689.27821 24.2546 25.5704 23.51 25.55 dosis 800 8 24.9138 1.05344.37245 24.0331 25.7944 23.43 26.25 Total 32 24.7628.84450.14929 24.4583 25.0673 23.15 26.25 BM Minggu ke3 kontrol 8 25.1300.87969.31102 24.3946 25.8654 23.46 26.25 dosis 200 8 24.7112.82009.28995 24.0256 25.3969 23.00 25.35 dosis 400 8 24.9900.95046.33604 24.1954 25.7846 23.15 26.12 dosis 800 8 25.0288.48132.17017 24.6264 25.4311 24.13 25.64 Total 32 24.9650.77959.13781 24.6839 25.2461 23.00 26.25 BM Minggu ke4 kontrol 8 25.0575.65148.23033 24.5129 25.6021 24.11 25.95 dosis 200 8 24.9288.68782.24318 24.3537 25.5038 23.98 25.67 dosis 400 8 25.1600.37702.13330 24.8448 25.4752 24.78 25.64 dosis 800 8 25.1662.91830.32467 24.3985 25.9340 23.22 26.12 Total 32 25.0781.65938.11656 24.8404 25.3159 23.22 26.12 ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. BM_Mingguke1 Between Groups 1.219 3.406.514.676 Within Groups 22.135 28.791 Total 23.354 31 BM_Mingguke2 Between Groups 1.165 3.388.519.672 Within Groups 20.944 28.748 Total 22.109 31 BM_Mingguke3 Between Groups.770 3.257.398.756 Within Groups 18.070 28.645 Total 18.841 31 BM_Mingguke4 Between Groups.298 3.099.211.888 Within Groups 13.181 28.471 Total 13.478 31 59
Lampiran 12. Hasil analisis spss kadar SGPT Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum Kadar_SGPT 29 58.90 20.134 30 88 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Kadar_SGPT N 29 Normal Parameters a Mean 58.90 Deviation 20.134 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.203 Positive.203 Negative -.195 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.094 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).182 Test distribution is Normal. Kadar_SGPT Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum Kontrol 8 38.00 5.555 1.964 33.36 42.64 30 45 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 8 46.00 7.211 2.550 39.97 52.03 36 60 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 7 78.71 4.889 1.848 74.19 83.24 69 84 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 6 80.83 5.776 2.358 74.77 86.90 72 88 Total 29 58.90 20.134 3.739 51.24 66.56 30 88 60
ANOVA Kadar_SGPT Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 10460.428 3 3486.809 97.915.000 Within Groups 890.262 25 35.610 Total 11350.690 28 Kadar_SGPT Tukey HSD Multiple Comparisons Mean 95% Confidence Interval (I) Perlakuan (J) Perlakuan Difference (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound Kontrol Dosis 200 mg/kg BB -8.000 2.984.058-16.21.21 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB -40.714 * 3.088.000-49.21-32.22 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -42.833 * 3.223.000-51.70-33.97 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB Kontrol 8.000 2.984.058 -.21 16.21 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB -32.714 * 3.088.000-41.21-24.22 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -34.833 * 3.223.000-43.70-25.97 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB Kontrol 40.714 * 3.088.000 32.22 49.21 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 32.714 * 3.088.000 24.22 41.21 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -2.119 3.320.919-11.25 7.01 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB Kontrol 42.833 * 3.223.000 33.97 51.70 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 34.833 * 3.223.000 25.97 43.70 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 2.119 3.320.919-7.01 11.25 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. 61
Lampiran 12. (Lanjutan) Homogeneous Subsets Kadar_SGPT Tukey HSD Perlakuan N Subset for alpha = 0.05 1 2 Kontrol 8 38.00 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 8 46.00 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 7 78.71 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 6 80.83 Sig..079.907 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. 62
Lampiran 13. Hasil analisis spss kadar SGOT Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum Kadar_SGOT 29 180.59 105.267 63 429 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Kadar_SGOT N 29 Normal Parameters a Mean 180.59 Deviation 105.267 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.208 Positive.208 Negative -.153 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.122 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).161 Test distribution is Normal. Kadar_SGOT Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Min. Max. Kontrol 8 84.75 14.220 5.028 72.86 96.64 68 112 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 8 116.12 68.026 24.051 59.25 173.00 63 273 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 7 250.43 36.637 13.848 216.54 284.31 184 303 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 6 312.83 67.247 27.453 242.26 383.40 248 429 Total 29 180.59 105.267 19.548 140.54 220.63 63 429 63
Lampiran 13. (lanjutan) ANOVA Kadar_SGOT Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 245800.112 3 81933.371 31.770.000 Within Groups 64472.923 25 2578.917 Total 310273.034 28 Multiple Comparisons Kadar_SGOT Tukey HSD 95% Confidence Interval Mean Lower Upper (I) Perlakuan (J) Perlakuan Difference (I-J) Error Sig. Bound Bound Kontrol Dosis 200 mg/kg BB -31.375 25.392.611-101.22 38.47 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB -165.679 * 26.283.000-237.97-93.38 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -228.083 * 27.426.000-303.52-152.64 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB Kontrol 31.375 25.392.611-38.47 101.22 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB -134.304 * 26.283.000-206.60-62.01 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -196.708 * 27.426.000-272.15-121.27 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB Kontrol 165.679 * 26.283.000 93.38 237.97 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 134.304 * 26.283.000 62.01 206.60 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB -62.405 28.253.148-140.12 15.31 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB Kontrol 228.083 * 27.426.000 152.64 303.52 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 196.708 * 27.426.000 121.27 272.15 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 62.405 28.253.148-15.31 140.12 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. 64
Lampiran 13. (lanjutan) Homogeneous Subsets Kadar_SGOT Tukey HSD Perlakuan N Subset for alpha = 0.05 1 2 Kontrol 8 84.75 Dosis 200 mg/kg BB 8 116.12 Dosis 400 mg/kg BB 7 250.43 Dosis 800 mg/kg BB 6 312.83 Sig..652.120 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. 65
Lampiran 14. Hasil analisis spss kadar kreatinin Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum Kadar_Kreatinin 29.3159.18341.10.93 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Kadar_Kreatinin N 29 Normal Parameters a Mean.3159 Deviation.18341 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.181 Positive.181 Negative -.120 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.973 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).300 a. Test distribution is Normal. Kadar_Kreatinin Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Max. Kontrol 8.3025.11841.04187.2035.4015.14.48 Dosis 200 8.2513.12276.04340.1486.3539.10.44 Dosis 400 7.3457.20816.07868.1532.5382.10.62 Dosis 800 6.3850.28585.11670.0850.6850.13.93 Total 29.3159.18341.03406.2461.3856.10.93 ANOVA Kadar_Kreatinin Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups.070 3.023.666.581 Within Groups.872 25.035 Total.942 28 66
Multiple Comparisons Kadar_Kreatinin Tukey HSD Mean 95% Confidence Interval (I) Perlakuan (J) Perlakuan Difference (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound Kontrol Dosis 200.05125.09339.946 -.2056.3081 Dosis 400 -.04321.09667.970 -.3091.2227 Dosis 800 -.08250.10087.845 -.3600.1950 Dosis 200 Kontrol -.05125.09339.946 -.3081.2056 Dosis 400 -.09446.09667.763 -.3604.1714 Dosis 800 -.13375.10087.556 -.4112.1437 Dosis 400 Kontrol.04321.09667.970 -.2227.3091 Dosis 200.09446.09667.763 -.1714.3604 Dosis 800 -.03929.10391.981 -.3251.2465 Dosis 800 Kontrol.08250.10087.845 -.1950.3600 Dosis 200.13375.10087.556 -.1437.4112 Dosis 400.03929.10391.981 -.2465.3251 Kadar_Kreatinin Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 Perlakuan N 1 Dosis 200 8.2513 Kontrol 8.3025 Dosis 400 7.3457 Dosis 800 6.3850 Sig..539 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. 67
Lampiran 15. Hasil analisis spss kadar ureum Descriptive Statistics N Mean Deviation Minimum Maximum Kadar_Ureum 29 45.62 4.238 40 57 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Kadar_Ureum N 29 Normal Parameters a Mean 45.62 Deviation 4.238 Most Extreme Differences Absolute.188 Positive.188 Negative -.092 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.015 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).254 a. Test distribution is Normal. Kadar_Ureum Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum Kontrol 8 41.88 1.808.639 40.36 43.39 40 45 Dosis 200 8 45.88 3.563 1.260 42.90 48.85 41 52 Dosis 400 7 45.57 2.760 1.043 43.02 48.12 43 51 Dosis 800 6 50.33 4.457 1.820 45.66 55.01 45 57 Total 29 45.62 4.238.787 44.01 47.23 40 57 ANOVA Kadar_Ureum Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 246.030 3 82.010 7.984.001 Within Groups 256.798 25 10.272 68
ANOVA Kadar_Ureum Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 246.030 3 82.010 7.984.001 Within Groups 256.798 25 10.272 Total 502.828 28 Kadar_Ureum Tukey HSD Multiple Comparisons Mean 95% Confidence Interval (I) Perlakuan (J) Perlakuan Difference (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound Kontrol Dosis 200-4.000 1.602.085-8.41.41 Dosis 400-3.696 1.659.143-8.26.87 Dosis 800-8.458 * 1.731.000-13.22-3.70 Dosis 200 Kontrol 4.000 1.602.085 -.41 8.41 Dosis 400.304 1.659.998-4.26 4.87 Dosis 800-4.458 1.731.072-9.22.30 Dosis 400 Kontrol 3.696 1.659.143 -.87 8.26 Dosis 200 -.304 1.659.998-4.87 4.26 Dosis 800-4.762 1.783.059-9.67.14 Dosis 800 Kontrol 8.458 * 1.731.000 3.70 13.22 Dosis 200 4.458 1.731.072 -.30 9.22 Dosis 400 4.762 1.783.059 -.14 9.67 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Kadar_Ureum Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 Perlakuan N 1 2 Kontrol 8 41.88 Dosis 400 7 45.57 Dosis 200 8 45.88 45.88 Dosis 800 6 50.33 Sig..112.065 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. 69