ABSTRACT. : relevant information, differential gain and loss, differential accounting information, decision making.

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT For the product line decision making, the decision maker need relevant information about differential statement if they decided to stop any of their product line so they do not take the wrong decision. From the research that has been done in Sindangpalay pastry and bakery, we get the result as below : 1. The company want to stop their jelly production because of the loss. The income statement showing loss of Rp625.000,00 from the march 2010 record. The company also identified increasing profit from Rp51.890.000,00 to Rp52.515.000,00 (increase Rp625.000,00) if this product line is stopped. 2. After using the differential analysis, stopping the jelly product will decrease overall company profit from Rp51.890.000,00 to Rp61.665.000,00 (decrease Rp225.000,00). This is happen because their does not aware of the irrelevant cost that they must keep pay even if the product is stopped. From the research, it lead to a conclusion that decision making of stopping product line need to supported by differential information. Key words : relevant information, differential gain and loss, differential accounting information, decision making. iv

ABSTRAK Untuk tujuan pengambilan keputusan meneruskan atau menghentikan lini produk, pihak manajemen membutuhkan informasi-informasi yang relevan berkaitan dengan perhitungan laba rugi diferensial jika suatu lini produk dihentikan agar tidak terjadi kesalahan pengambilan keputusan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada perusahaan kue Sindangpalay, maka diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : 1. Perusahaan ingin menghentikan lini produk agar-agarnya karena mengalami kerugian. Penjualan agar-agar pada bulan Maret 2010 mencatat angka kerugian sebesar Rp625.000,00. Perusahaan juga mengidentifikasikan kenaikan laba dari semula Rp51.890.000,00 menjadi Rp52.515.000,00 (naik Rp625.000,00) sebagai akibat dari hilangnya angka kerugian pada produk agar-agar. 2. Setelah menerapkan analisis diferensial, diketahui bahwa menghentikan produk agar-agar mengakibatkan penurunan laba keseluruhan perusahaan dari semula Rp51.890.000,00 menjadi Rp51.665.000,00 (turun Rp225.000,00). Hal ini terjadi karena ada beberapa biaya produksi (biaya tidak relevan) yang tetap harus dikeluarkan perusahaan walaupun produksinya telah dihentikan. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa untuk menghentikan lini produk perlu didukung dengan laporan yang menyediakan informasi akuntansi diferensial untuk pengambilan keputusan yang tepat di antara beberapa alternatif yang tersedia. Selain dari faktor tersebut, ada juga faktor-faktor sosial lainnya yang perlu menjadi pertimbangan perusahaan untuk mengambil keputusan menghentikan produksinya seperti faktor peningkatan pengangguran. Kata kunci : informasi relevan, laba rugi diferensial, informasi akuntansi diferensial, pengambilan keputusan. v

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL...i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN....ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI.. iii KATA PENGANTAR...iv ABSTRACT.viii ABSTRAK...ix DAFTAR ISI...x DAFTAR TABEL...xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR..xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian...1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian...5 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian.5 Bab II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS 7 2.1 Analisis Differensial.7 2.1.1 Pengertian Analisis Differensial. 8 2.1.2 Manfaat Analisis Differensial..9 2.2 Informasi Akuntansi Differensial 9 2.2.1 Pendapatan Differensial........10 vi

2.2.1.1 Pengertian Pendapatan Differensial.10 2.2.1.2 Karakteristik Pendapatan Differensial.....12 2.2.1.3 Karakteristik Bukan Pendapatan Differensial...12 2.2.2 Biaya Differensial..13 2.2.2.1 Pengertian Biaya Differensial...14 2.2.2.2 Karakteristik Biaya Differensial...21 2.2.2.3 Karakteristik Bukan Biaya Differensial...21 2.2.2.4 Perbandingan Konsep Biaya Differensial Dengan Beberapa Konsep Lainnya...22 2.2.3 Laba Differensial....25 2.3 Pengambilan Keputusan.26 2.3.1 Pengertian Pengambilan Keputusan...27 2.3.2 Langkah Pengambilan Keputusan.28 2.4 Rerangka Pemikiran 33 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.38 3.1 Objek Penelitian.38 3.1.1 Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan...38 3.1.2 Produk Yang Dihasilkan Perusahaan.38 3.2 Metode Analisis Data..39 BAB IV PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.....43 4.1 Penelitian.43 4.1.1 Penggolongan Biaya...43 4.1.2 Tinjauan Atas Data Penjualan....45 vii

4.1.3 Tinjauan Atas Komponen Biaya.46 4.1.4 Perhitungan Laba Rugi Yang Selama Ini Dilakukan Untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Meneruskan Atau Menghentikan Lini Produk.....49 4.1.5 Penerapan Metode Analisis Differensial untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Meneruskan Atau Menghentikan Lini Produk.50 4.1.6 Format Komparatif untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Meneruskan Atau Menghentikan Lini Produk....54 4.2 Pembahasan..57 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN....59 5.1 Simpulan...59 5.2 Saran...59 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...61 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE) 62 viii

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 4.1.1 Tabel 4.1.2 Tabel 4.1.3 Laporan Penjualan Perusahaan Kue Sindangpalay.46 Laporan Biaya Perusahaan Kue Sindangpalay...47 Perhitungan Laba Rugi per Lini Produk yang diterapkan Perusahaan Kue Sindangpalay 49 Tabel 4.1.4 Pengelompokkan Komponen Biaya Tetap pada Perusahaan Kue Sindangpalay ke Dalam Biaya Relevan dan Tidak Relevan..53 Tabel 4.1.5 Perhitungan Biaya Relevan dan Tidak Relevan untuk Analisis Lini Produk Agar-agar..54 Tabel 4.1.6 Perhitungan Laba Rugi Menghentikan Lini Produk Agar-agar tanpa Menggunakan Analisis Diferensial..55 Tabel 4.1.7 Perhitungan Laba Rugi Menghentikan Lini Produk Agar-agar dengan Menggunakan Analisis Diferensial...56 ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1.1 Bagan Rerangka Pemikiran..3 x