DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN HALAMAN MOTTO KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR GAMBAR DAFTAR TABEL ABSTRAK SINGKATAN ISTILAH-ISTILAH i ii Hi iv v vi ix xii xiv xv xvi xvi BAB I Pendahuluan 1.1. Latar Belakang 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah 2 1.3. Batasan Masalah 2 1.4. Tujuan Penelitian 3 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian 3 1.6. Metodologi Penelitian 4 1.7. Sistematika Penulisan 5 BAB II Dasar Teori 2.1. Sistem Komunikasi Generasi ke Tiga 6 2.2. Sistem WCDMA 7 2.2.1. Arsitektur Antarmuka 10 2.2.2. Spread Spektrum 12 2.2.3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 2.2.3.1. Proses Spreading 15 2.2.3.2. Proses Despreading 16 2.2.4. PN Sequence 17 ix
2.2.5. Transmisi Uplink 2.2.5.1. Struktur Bingkai Transmisi Uplink 17 2.2.5.2. Penyebaraan & Modulasi Transmisi Uplink 18 2.2.6. Transmisi Downlink 2.2.6.1. Struktur Bingkai Transmisi Downlink 20 2.2.6.2. Penyebaraan & Modulasi Transmisi Downlink 20 2.2.7. Teknik Power Control Konvensional 21 2.2.8. Teknik Multi-User Detection 24 2.2.9. MMSE Detector 25 2.3. Handover 2.3.1. Tujuan Handover 28 2.3.2. Proses Handover 29 2.3.3. Handover Pada sistem WCDMA 32 2.3.4. Soft Handover 34 2.3.5. PrinsifSoft Handover 34 2.3.6. Algorithma Soft Handover WCDMA 36 BAB III Perancangan Sistem 3.1. Algorithma SHO 3.1.1. Power Control 39 3.1.2. Access Data 43 3.1.3. Probabilitas SHO 45 3.2. Bahasa Program 52 3.3. Perancangan Antarmuka 53 BAB IV Analisa dan Pembahasaan 4.1. Pengujian 56 4.2. Analisis 57 4.3. Pembahasaan program simulasi 61 4.4. Pembahasan soft handover 70 BAB V Penutup 5.1 Kesimpulan 74 5.2 Saran 75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA xvii LAMPIRAN 1. Listing program xxx 2. Biografi xxxvii / /' ' XI
Gambar 2.1 Gambar 2.2 Gambar 2.3 Gambar 2.4 Gambar 2.5 Gambar 2.6 Gambar 2.7 Gambar 2.8 Gambar 2.9 Gambar 2.10 Gambar 2.11 Gambar 2.12 Gambar 2.13 Gambar 2.14 Gambar 2.15 Gambar 2.16 Gambar 2.17 Gambar 3.1 Gambar 3.2 Gambar 3.3 Gambar 3.4 Gambar 3.5 DAFTAR GAMBAR Teknologi kandidat 3G Skema Kode Akses Jamak Kondisi Ideal WCDMA Efek Near Far Model Protokol Interface radio WCDMA Deret Chip sebuah PN Code Proses Spreading Proses Despreading Bingkai Uplink Penyebar & Modulasi Transmisi Uplink Struktur Bingkai Transmisi Downlink Penyebar & Modulasi Transmisi Downlink Blok diagram MUD Proses Handover Model- model Handover pada sistem WCDMA Perbandingan antara Hard & Soft Handover Algorithma Soft Handover WCDMA Blok diagram alir Blok diagram PC Gain kanal PN code Pembangkit gold code 6 8 10 10 11 15 15 16 18 19 20 21 25 30 33 35 36 38 39 40 41 41 Gambar 3.6 Pemodelan SHO 1 Gambar 3.7 Pemodelan SHO 2 Gambar 3.8 Interface perancangan Gambar 4.1 Pengujian Berdasarkan Base Station 1 Gambar 4.2 Pengujian Berdasarkan Base Station 2 Gambar 4.3 Pengujian Berdasarkan Pengguna Gambar 4.4 Pengujian Berdasarkan Chip Gambar 4.5 Pengujian Berdasarkan Iterasi 49 51 53 63 64 65 67 68 Xll
Gambar 4.6 Skenario kejadian SHO 72 Gambar 4.7 Voice traffic modeling 73 Kill
lxev-do lx Evolution Data Optimized SINGKATAN 1xEV-DV 1x 16QAM Evolution Data Voice 16-quadrature amplitude modulation 3G 3GPP AMR Third eeneralion Third Generation Partnership Project Adaptive Multi-Rate BER Bit error rate BLER BSC BTS CDMA cdmaone Block enoi rate Base Station Controller Base Transceiver Station Code division multiple access Code Division Multiple Access as specified in IS-95 CDMA 2000 Code Division Multiple Access as specified in IS-2000 C'S CTIA DCH DPCCI-I DPDCH Eb/No EcTo EDGE EIR Circuit switched Cellular Telecommunication Industry Association Dedicated Channel Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel CHannel Ratio ofsignal energy to additive noise and interference Correlated signal strength of pilot channel Enhanced Data for Global Evolution Equipment Identification Register XV
ETS1 EUTRAN MS MSC European Telecommunication Standards Institute Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center FER FDD GPRS GSM GERAN HER HSDPA HSPA HSPA + HSUPA IMEI IMSI IP frame error rale Frequency Division Duplex General packet radio service Global system for mobile communication GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Home Location Register High Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Packet Access (HSDPA + HSUPA) High Speed Packet Access Plus (also known as HSPA Evolution) High Speed Uplink Packet Access International Mobile Equipment Identity International Mobile Subscriber Identity Internet Protocol ISP IS-95 Internet Service Provider Interim Standard 95 ofthe Telecommunications Industry Association ITU EAN Mcps International Telecommunication Union Local Area Network Mega chips per second XVI
MMS MS Multimedia Messaging Service Mobile Seluler NodeB Radio Base Station PDN Public Data Network PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PS PSTN P-SCH PCMCIA PCS QAM QPSK QoS RAN RF Packet Switched Public Switch Telephony Network Primary synchronization channel Personal Computer Manufacturers' Card Interface Adapter Personal Communication System Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Quality ofservice Radio Access Network Radio frequency RNC SCCH S-SCH SIM SMS TDM TDMA TFC Radio network controller High-Speed Shared Control Channel Secondary synchronization channel Subscriber Identity Module Short Message Service Time Division Multiplex Time division multiple access Transport Format Combination XVII
TTI UE UMTS USIM UTRAN VLR VoIP VPN WAP WCDMA WIM WLAN Transmission Time Interval User Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Universal Subscriber Identity Module Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Visitor Location Register Voice over Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network Wireless Application Protocol Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Internet Module Wireless Local Area Network XVIII
HTILAII - ISTILAH Bandwilh Bit Blocking Chip Coverage Demodulator Dropping Downlink kvolusi Kana! Modulator Modulasi Lebar pita irekucnsi Satauan terkecil dala biner Pemblokan atau penolakan perminalaan hubungan baru Satuan terkecil data bit Jangkauan suatu sel Merubah kembali dala Modulasi Pendroppan oleh suatu sistem atau sel Hubungan anlara MS & BS dimana BS berperan utama Perubahan terencana sehingga hasilnya lebih baik Salman Pemodulasi Proses encoding sumber data dalam suatu sinyai carrier dengan carrier Operator Omnidirectional Paket data Penycdia layanan seluler Antena segala arah Sejumlah data berupa bit/chip data yang bcrhasd di transmisikan Propagasi Scrambling Scrambling Panjang Rugi-rugi antenna pada sistem seluler. Pengacakan Pengacakan untuk data lebih sederhana dari scrambling pendek. XIX
Scrambling Pendek Sistem pengacakan data yang dilengkapi dctcksi jamak & penghapusan interferensi Seluler Soft handover Subcriber Spreading Sinyal carrier Telekoinunikasi Throughput Sistem komunikasi dengan daerah layanan yang keeil. Pergantian sel karena mobilitasnya Pelanggan seluler (MS) Penyebaran dala Sinyal pembawa Hubungan jarak jauh Jumlah subpaket yang bcrhasil ditransmisikan dalam 1 durasi paket (slot). l.;p link Up date daya Hubungan MS & BS dimana MS lebih berperan Meningkatkan penerimaan Sinyal atau dava XX