DAFTAR ISI PENDAHULUAN

DAFTAR ISI PENDAHULUAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DAFTAR ISI -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DAFTAR TABEL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DAFTAR GAMBAR ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- i ii x xi MODUL 1 Kelainan Pada Bibir ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4.1. Kelainan Cacat Bawaan ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4.1.1. Sumbing Bibir --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4.1.2. Cheilognathoschisis -------------------------------------------------------------- 2 4.1.3. Sumbing Palatum ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2 4.1.4. Cheilognathopalatoschisis ------------------------------------------------------ 2 4.1.5. Obique Facial Cleft -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.1.6. Transverse Facial Cleft ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.2. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.2.1. Cheilitis Vesikularis -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.2.2. Cheilosis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.2.3. Radang Kronis Tidak Spesifik -------------------------------------------------- 3 ii

4.2.4. Radang Kronis Spesifik ---------------------------------------------------------- 4 4.3. Tumor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 4.3.1. Tumor Jinak ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 4.3.2. Pseudo Tumor --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 4.3.2.1. Keratoacanthoma ------------------------------------------------------- 6 4.3.2.2. Granuloma Pyogenicum ----------------------------------------------- 6 4.3.2.3. Verruform Xanthoma --------------------------------------------------- 7 4.3.3. Tumor Ganas ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 4.3.3.1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------- 8 4.3.3.2. Definisi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 4.3.3.3. Etiologi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 4.3.3.4. Gambaran Klinis -------------------------------------------------------- 11 4.3.3.5. Gambaran Histopatologis ---------------------------------------------- 12 4.3.3.6. Lokasi dan Insidensi ---------------------------------------------------- 12 4.3.3.7. Metastasis ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13 4.3.3.8. Diagnosis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14 4.3.3.9. Diferensial Diagnosa --------------------------------------------------- 15 4.3.3.10. Stadium ------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 4.3.3.11. Prognosa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 4.3.3.12. Terapi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 iii

MODUL 2 Kelainan Pada Mukosa Mulut ------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4.1. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4.1.1. Ginggivo-Stomatitis Herpetika Acuta ----------------------------------------- 22 4.1.2. Stomatitis Acuta Fibronosa ----------------------------------------------------- 23 4.1.3. Ginggivitis Ulcerative Nekroticans -------------------------------------------- 23 4.1.4. Angina Ludwig -------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.1.5. Stomatitis Acuta Catarrhalis----------------------------------------------------- 23 4.1.6. Stomatitis Nicotina --------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.1.7. Stomatitis Aphtosa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 24 4.2. Pigmentasi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 4.2.1. Tatto Amalgam -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 4.2.2. Argyria ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 4.2.3. Plumbism --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 4.2.4. Melanosis -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 4.3. Tumor Jinak ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 4.3.1. Papiloma --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 4.3.2. Fibroma ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 4.3.3. Lipoma ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 4.3.4. Hemangioma ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 iv

4.3.5. Limfangioma ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 4.3.6. Neurofibroma --------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 4.3.7. Rhabdomyoma --------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 4.3.7.1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------- 35 4.3.3.2. Klasifikasi----------------------------------------------------------------- 36 4.4. Epulis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 4.4.1. Epulis Granulomatosa ----------------------------------------------------------- 40 4.4.2. Epulis Angiomatosa -------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.4.3. Epulis Fibromatosa --------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.4.3. Epulis Gigantocellulare ---------------------------------------------------------- 42 4.4.5. Epulis Fissuratum ---------------------------------------------------------------- 42 4.4.6. Epulis Gravidarum --------------------------------------------------------------- 43 5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 MODUL 3 Kelainan Pada Lidah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 45 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 4.1. Kelainan Kongenital --------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 4.1.1. Mikroglosia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 4.1.2. Makroglosia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 v

4.1.3. Lingual Thyroid ------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 4.1.4. Median Rhomboid Glossitis ----------------------------------------------------- 47 4.1.5. Bifid Tongue------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 4.2. Radang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 4.2.1. Radang Akut ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 4.2.1.1. Glossitis Akuta ----------------------------------------------------------- 48 4.2.1.2. Stomatitis Scarlanita ---------------------------------------------------- 48 4.2.2. Radang Khronis Spesifik -------------------------------------------------------- 49 4.2.2.1. Tuberculosis ------------------------------------------------------------- 49 4.2.2.2. Sifilis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 4.2.3. Radang Kronis Yang Tidak Spesifik ------------------------------------------- 49 4.2.3.1. Geographic Tounge ----------------------------------------------------- 49 4.2.3.2. Hairy Tounge ------------------------------------------------------------ 50 4.3. Lesi-lesi Prekanker ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 4.3.1. Leukoplakia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 4.3.2. Erythroplakia ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 4.3.3. Karsinoma In Situ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 57 4.4. Lesi-lesi yang Lain ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 4.4.1. Lichen Planus --------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 4.4.2. Nevus Pigmentosus --------------------------------------------------------------- 60 4.5. Neoplasma --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 4.5.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 4.5.2. Tipe-tipe Rhabdomiosarkoma -------------------------------------------------- 64 4.5.3. Sistem Staging -------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 vi

4.5.4. Prognosis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 4.5.5. Perawatan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 4.2.3.1. Tindakan Pembedahan ------------------------------------------------- 71 4.2.3.2. Terapi Radiasi ----------------------------------------------------------- 71 5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 MODUL 4 Kelainan Pada Gigi dan Tulang Rahang ------------------------------------------------------- 75 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 75 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 4.1. Patogenesis Kelainan Cacat Bawaan -------------------------------------------------- 75 4.1.1. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ------------------------------------------------------ 76 4.1.2. Amelogenesis Imperfecta -------------------------------------------------------- 76 4.1.3. Hipoplasia Email ----------------------------------------------------------------- 77 4.1.4. Anodontia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 4.1.5. Microdontia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 4.1.6. Macrodontia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 78 4.1.7. Agnathia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78 4.1.8. Micrognathia ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 4.1.9. Macrognathia --------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 4.1.10. Acromegalia --------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 vii

5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 MODUL 5 Kelainan Pada Lidah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 102 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102 4.1. Sialadenitis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103 4.2. Mucocele ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104 4.3. Mikulicz s Disease ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 105 4.4. Mikulicz s Syndrome --------------------------------------------------------------------- 105 4.5. Sjogren Syndrome ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 105 4.6. Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah ----------------------------------------------------------- 106 4.6.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 106 4.6.2. Patogenesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 107 4.6.3. Klasifikasi Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah -------------------------------------- 109 4.6.3.1. Pleomorfik Adenoma --------------------------------------------------- 109 4.6.3.2. Monomorfik Adenoma -------------------------------------------------- 111 4.6.3.3. Ductal Papiloma -------------------------------------------------------- 120 4.7. Tumor Ganas Kelenjar Ludah ---------------------------------------------------------- 122 4.7.1. Pendahuluan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 122 4.7.2. Klasifikasi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123 viii

5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130 MODUL 6 Cara Pengambilan, Pengiriman dan Dasar Penilaian Biopsi/ Sitologi -------------------- 131 1. Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 131 2. Relevansi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131 3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus ----------------------------------------------------------------- 131 4. Kegiatan Belajar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131 4.1. Prinsip Dasar Fiksasi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 131 4.2. Macam-Macam Cairan Fiksasi --------------------------------------------------------- 132 4.3. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Biopsi ------------------------------------------------------- 135 4.4. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Sitologi ----------------------------------------------------- 135 4.5. Pengelolaan Jaringan -------------------------------------------------------------------- 136 4.6. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Biopsi ------------------------------------------------ 140 4.7. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Sitologis ---------------------------------------------- 140 4.8. Klasifikasi Diagnosa Sitologi ----------------------------------------------------------- 141 5. Rangkuman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141 6. Daftar Pustaka ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 LATIHAN PENGUASAAN DAN PENERAPAN TEORI ------------------------------ 143 ix

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1. Faktor Penyebab Karsinoma Sel Squamous -------------------------------------- 10 Tabel 1.2. TNM Untuk Malignansi Pada Tumor Rongga Mulut --------------------------- 16 Tabel 1.3. Stadium Untuk Karsinoma Rongga Mulut --------------------------------------- 17 Tabel 2.1. Gambaran Klinis Variasi Klasifikasi Rhabdomyoma --------------------------- 36 Tabel 3.1. Sistem Pengelompokan Menurut Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRS) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 Tabel 3.2. Sistem Staging dengan G-TNM ---------------------------------------------------- 67 Tabel 3.3. Pengelompokan Stadium dan Angka Bertahan Hidup -------------------------- 69 Tabel 6.1. Klasifikasi Diagnosa Sitologis ----------------------------------------------------- 141 x

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1. Gambaran Klinis Moniliasis pada Bibir --------------------------------------- 4 Gambar 1.2. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Granuloma Pyogenicum Pada bibir --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Gambar 1.3. Karsinoma Sel Squamous Pada Bibir dan Lidah ------------------------------ 11 Gambar 1.4. Gambaran Histopatologis karsinoma Sel Squamous Well Differentiated ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Gambar 2.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Stomatitis Nikotina ------------------- 24 Gambar 2.2 Gambaran Histopatologis Tubercle Pada Tuberculosis ---------------------- 25 Gambar 2.3. Gambaran Klinis Tatoo Amalgam ---------------------------------------------- 26 Gambar 2.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Tatto Amalgam ------------------------------------ 27 Gambar 2.5. Gambaran Klinis Papiloma Pada Lidah ---------------------------------------- 28 Gambar 2.6. Gambaran Histopatologis Papiloma -------------------------------------------- 29 Gambar 2.7. Gambaran Klinis Fibroma Rongga Mulut ------------------------------------- 30 Gambar 2.8. Gambaran Histopathologis Fibroma -------------------------------------------- 30 Gambar 2.9. Gambaran Klinis Lipoma Rongga Mulut -------------------------------------- 31 Gambar 2.10. Gambaran Histologis Lipoma -------------------------------------------------- 31 Gambar 2.11. Gambaran Klinis Hemangioma ------------------------------------------------ `32 Gambar 2.12. Gambaran Histopatologis Hemangioma Cavernosum dan Hemangioma Capilare ---------------------------------------------------- 33 Gambar 2.13. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Limfangioma ------------------------ 34 Gambar 2.14. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Pada Gusi ------------------------------------------- 40 Gambar 2.15. Gambaran Histopatologis Epulis Granulomatosa -------------------------- 41 xi

Gambar 2.16. Gambaran Histopatologis Giant Cell Epulis --------------------------------- 42 Gambar 2.17. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Fissuratum ------------------------------------------ 43 Gambar 3.1. Gambaran Klinis Median Rhomboid Glossitis -------------------------------- 47 Gambar 3.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Median Rhomboid Glossitis --------------------- 48 Gambar 3.3. Gambaran Klinis Leukoplakia Pada Lidah dan Mukosa Bukal ------------- 54 Gambar 3.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Leukloplakia ---------------------------------------- 56 Gambar 3.5. Gambaran Klinis Erythroplakia yang Bercampur dengan Leukoplakia --------------------------------------------------------------- 57 Gambar 3.6. Gambaran Klinis Lichen Planus, Reticular Form dan Hyperthropyform ------------------------------------------------------------- 59 Gambar 4.1. Gambaran Klinis Ameloblastoma ----------------------------------------------- 83 Gambar 4.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Follikeler ------------------ 84 Gambar 4.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Plexiform ------------------ 84 Gambar 4.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Akantomatous ------------ 85 Gambar 4.5. Gambaran Klinis Torus Palatinus ---------------------------------------------- 99 Gambar 4.6. Gambaran Klinis Torus Mandibularis ----------------------------------------- 99 Gambar 4.7. Gambaran Mikroskopis Oswteogenic Sarcoma ------------------------------- 100 Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Mucocele ------------------------------ 105 Gambar 5.2. Gambaran Klinis Pleomorfik Adenoma Kelenjar Parotis -------------------- 110 Gambar 5.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Pleomorfik Adenoma ------------------------------ 111 Gambar 5.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Onkositoma ----------------------------------------- 111 Gambar 5.5. Gambaran Klinis Tumor Warthin Pasda Kelenjar Parotis ------------------- 119 Gambar 5.6. Gambaran Histopatologis Tumor Warthin ------------------------------------- 120 xii

Gambar 5.7. Gambaran Histopatologis Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Low Grade Malignancy --------------------------------------------------------- 125 Gambar 5.8. Gambaran Histopatologis Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ----------------------- 126 Gambar 5.9. Gambaran Histopatologis Acinic Cell Carcinoma ---------------------------- 127 xiii