LAMPIRAN I SIGN CONVENTION

LAMPIRAN I SIGN CONVENTION Normal Axis 3 Local axis 3 is always normal to the plane of the shell element. This axis is directed towards you when the path j1-j2-j3 appears counter-clockwise. For quadrilateral elements, the element plane is defined by the vectors that connect the mid-points of the two pairs of opposite sides. Default Orientation The default orientation of the local 1 and 2 axes is determined by the relationship between the local 3 axis and the global Z axis: The local 3-2 plane is taken to be vertical, i.e., parallel to the Z axis The local 2 axis is taken to have an upward (+Z) sense unless the element is horizontal, in which case the local 2 axis is taken along the global +Y direction The local 1 axis is horizontal, i.e., it lies in the X-Y plane The element is considered to be horizontal if the sine of the angle between the local 3 axis and the Z axis is less than 10-3. The local 2 axis makes the same angle with the vertical axis as the local 3 axis makes with the horizontal plane. This means that the local 2 axis points vertically upward for vertical elements. Element Coordinate Angle The shell element coordinate angle, ang, is used to define element orientations that are different from the default orientation. It is the angle through which the local 1 and 2 axes are rotated about the positive local 3 axis from the default orientation. The rotation for a positive angle value of ang appears counterclockwise when the local +3 axis is pointing toward you.for horizontal elements, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the horizontal +Y axis. Otherwise, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the vertical plane containing the local 3 axis. The following figures provide examples. 107

See Also: Von Mises Stress 108

LAMPIRAN II OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGITIGA SAP2000 Advanced Version 10.0.1.0 (Analysis Build 8499) File:...core-2-sel-SegiTiga-s-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiTiga-selemen 1m.LOG B E G I N A N A L Y S I S 2008/03/26 MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES) = 127.938 MB NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL = 1075 E L E M E N T F O R M A T I O N NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED = 2112 NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED = 49 REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = 75 COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = 3 CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION = 72 L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S O L U T I O N FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = 61146 NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0 L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE = 1 NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK = 1 LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S C O M P L E T E 2008/03/26 112

LAMPIRAN III OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGIEMPAT SAP2000 Advanced Version 10.0.1.0 (Analysis Build 8499) File:...A-core-2-sel-SegiEmpat-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiEmpatelemen 1m.LOG B E G I N A N A L Y S I S 2008/03/26 MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES) = 127.938 MB NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL = 1075 E L E M E N T F O R M A T I O N NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED = 1056 NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED = 49 REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = 75 COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = 3 CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION = 72 L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S O L U T I O N FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = 70254 NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0 L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE = 1 NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK = 1 LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S C O M P L E T E 2008/03/26 113

Lampiran IV Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kanan (Vektor Arah Keatas) Gambar : Model 3D 114

Gambar : Model 2D 115

Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek 116

Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek 117

Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek 118

Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang 119

Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang 120

Lampiran V Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kiri (Vektor Arah Ke Bawah) Gambar : Model 3D 121

LAMPIRAN VI Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Berlawanan Arah) Gambar : Model 3D 128

LAMPIRAN VII Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Searah Ke Bawah ) Gambar : Model 3D 135