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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT The development at this time rapidly growing business that certainly had an impact on the economic development in Indonesia. In order to be competitive, the company's products should have advantages in terms of quality, price, and the things that distinguishes the company's products with other products. To achieve a quality product, the company should always conduct supervision and improvement of the quality of the final product in order to obtain optimal results. In producing a quality product, companies need to implement quality control program. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the cost of quality in improving the profitability of the company by applying the cost of quality. This research was conducted by classifying costs into the cost of quality as well as its role in improving profitability. The research method used by writer is descriptive method with data collection techniques of observation and interviews. From the results of this research is that PT X has been doing quality control well enough, but can not be said to be optimal. Profitability PT X is said to be optimal if the cost of control and the cost of failure to reach 0,5%, while the current cost of control exceeds 0,5%,specifically 0,628 % and 0,697 %, and the cost of failure to reach 0,292 % and 0,127 %. In order to control costs and the cost of failure to reach 0,5%, then some of the costs should be diverted to increase the other costs. Keywords: The cost of quality, Profitability viii

ABSTRAK Perkembangan dunia usaha yang semakin pesat saat ini tentunya membawa pengaruh terhadap perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia. Agar dapat bersaing, produk perusahaan harus memiliki keunggulan dari segi kualitas, harga, dan hal yang membedakan produk perusahaan dengan produk lainnya. Untuk mencapai produk yang berkualitas, perusahaan harus selalu melakukan pengawasan dan peningkatan terhadap kualitas produknya agar memperoleh hasil akhir yang optimal. Dalam menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas, perusahaan perlu melaksanakan program pengendalian kualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan biaya kualitas dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan dengan cara menerapkan biaya kualitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengklasifikasikan biaya-biaya ke dalam biaya kualitas serta peranannya dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa PT X telah melakukan pengendalian kualitas dengan cukup baik, akan tetapi belum dapat dikatakan optimal. Profitabilitas PT X dikatakan optimal apabila biaya pengendalian serta biaya kegagalan sebesar 0,5%, sementara saat ini biaya pengendalian PT X melebihi 0,5%, yaitu 0,628 % dan 0,697 % dan biaya kegagalannya hanya mencapai 0,292 % dan 0,127 %. Agar biaya pengendalian dan biaya kegagalan dapat mencapai 0,5 %, maka beberapa biaya harus dialihkan untuk menambah biaya lainnya. Kata-kata kunci: Biaya kualitas, Profitabilitas ix

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... i ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK... viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR... xii DAFTAR TABEL... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang... 1 1.2. Identifikasi Masalah... 4 1.3. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian... 5 1.4. Kegunaan Penelitian... 5 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN... 7 2.1. Kajian Pustaka... 7 x

2.1.1. Pengertian Biaya... 7 2.1.1.1 Penggolongan Biaya... 8 2.1.2. Pengertian Kualitas... 12 2.1.2.1 Pengertian Biaya Kualitas... 13 2.1.2.2 Pelaporan Biaya Kualitas... 16 2.1.2.3 Analisis Biaya Kualitas... 17 2.1.2.4 Pengendalian Biaya Kualitas... 19 2.1.2.5 Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Laporan Biaya Kualitas... 20 2.1.3. Profitabilitas... 22 2.1.3.1 Ukuran Profitabilitas... 22 2.1.3.2 Hubungan Biaya Kualitas dengan Profitabilitas... 27 2.2. Kerangka Pemikiran... 29 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN... 34 3.1. Objek Penelitian... 34 3.1.1. Struktur Organisasi PT X... 34 3.1.2. Tanggung Jawab dan Wewenang... 35 3.2. Metode Penelitian... 39 3.3. Jenis Penelitian... 40 3.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 40 3.5. Jenis Data... 42 xi

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN... 44 4.1. Hasil Penelitian... 44 4.1.1. Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan... 44 4.1.2. Kegiatan Perusahaan... 45 4.2. Pembahasan... 52 4.2.1. Menyusun Laporan Biaya Kualitas... 52 4.2.2. Analisis Biaya Kualitas terhadap Profitabilitas PT X... 56 4.3. Peranan Biaya Kualitas terhadap Profitabilitas PT X... 59 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN... 60 5.1. Simpulan... 60 5.2. Saran... 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 62 LAMPIRAN... 64 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP (CURRICULUM VITAE)... 65 xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 Bagan Kerangka Pemikiran... 33 xiii

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel I Contoh Laporan Biaya Kualitas... 17 Tabel II Struktur Laporan Biaya Kualitas PT X Tahun 2011 dan 2012... 53 Tabel III Persentase Komponen Biaya Kualitas... 55 Tabel IV Laporan Laba Rugi PT X... 56 Tabel V Perbandingan Biaya Kualitas dengan Profitabilitas PT X... 57 Tabel VI Persentase Biaya Kualitas Per Tahun... 58 xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Lampiran A Struktur Organisasi PT X... 64 xv