Presented in ITB Kyoto University GCOE HSE Program, Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009 HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION ON VOLCANIC AREA MT. CIREMAI TO CONSERVE WATER RESOURCES (AND OTHER RESEARCH EXPERIENCES ON TROPICAL HYDROGEOLOGY) BY D. ERWIN IRAWAN FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING APPLIED GEOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION 1 What is Human Security Engineering?(GCOE KU University Website) A system of technologies (techniques) for designing and managing cities and groups of cities that enable inhabitants: to live better sanitation and health conditions in day-to-day urban living, and also to live free from occasional threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction. 2
Water Sanitation and health conditions Water Shortage Threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction Various Method used in Hydrogeological l Exploration Surface mapping Sub surface mapping Hydrogeochemistry Environmental isotope Hydrogeometeorology Tropical setting gives specific local originality to our researches 4
Challenges in Water Demand (Dir.of water resources, 1990) West Java 1.2 Bali 1 1. Groundwater Resources (B) (A) (C) 224 GROUNDWATER 4,7 BILLION m /year BASINS Mostly unmapped: Volcanics, karst, alluvium system 6
VOLCANIC SYSTEM MT. CIREMAI & MT. MERAPI Mt. Ciremai Mt. Merapi 7 doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.0 8
Mt. Ciremai i(kuningan-cirebon) Nearly 200 springs Discharging g almost 00 L/sec Some of the spring locations Cigugur Citambak Palutungan Telaga Remis Cikalamayan Citambak Cikole Cikabuyutan Cijambu Cijambar Cileles Telaga Remis 10
Second Kompone Fa en actor II Elevasi lebih tinggi Mag agnesium (Mg) 60 Sulfate (SO SO4) + Chloride (Cl) 20 Downslope 20 60 60 Sodium (Na) + Potassi sium (K) 20 60 Calcium (Ca) + Magnesi sium (Mg) 60 570 26 2 104 86 II 17 48 Sistem 112 65 24 I Mata air batuan 9 71 10 1,2 hipertermal: 9 17 105 95 84 244752 85 1 1 48 19 5425 4 68 11 29 46 41 47 9 51 5 69 22 111 245 48 17 gunung 10 247 8 76221 224 87 11 129 56 86 98 12 108 2 14 225 99 55 0 18 52 44 6 64 66 100 25 222 29 242 241 101 27246 106 1 92 109 59 22 57 27 58 50 24 60 1 111 90 4 79 7 42 6 70 60 7 Salinitas pyroclastic tinggi, fall api 28 67 72 2 61 77 102 15 8 17 424 78 45 74 90 10 107 110 55 128 5 4 12 7 6 9491 245 79 22082 267 110 128 99 49 oo 15 4 12 oo kaya klorida, dan Morphology: Gradual 244 24 241 78 112 8889 16 21 2 97 6 101 45 27 26 227 8 24 218 2 angle from 5 to L/d 42with normal fault pyroclastic fall sirkulasi regional 246 20 Mg SO 14 20 96 81 2 29 225 1242 12 129 Endapans: pyroclastic 107 4 82 62 227 22 50 222 224 1 47 21 89 16 28 109 41 69 64 87 247 14 2594104 11 10 226 22 59 98 97 95 77 92 91 71 65 61 fall 56 58 51 5 46 9105 106 0 88 74 72 52 11 44 25 08 7 at 21 higher than 2000 masl, lava 1250 + 9-2000 masl dan pyroklastic Cibulan 28 66flow 100 108 75at 500-1250 masl. The 8 ++ 27 10 19-1 L/s -2 60 20 Carbonate (CO O) + Bicarbonate (HCO) 60 20 20 60 Sulfate (SO4 O4) 51 246 5 76 54 1 22 224 22212 26 104 25 65 8788 6574 11 92 129 11 4 5 1 27 8 9 50 57 46 88 58 107 67 245 112 2724 2 61 82 108 78100 89 6 68 102 1 4 2852 10 221 + 111 110 220 64 66 9 10 17 42 20 12 1415 4 68 70 109 105 10 226 71 47 18 6016 2627 75 8 7791 9596 5767 14 Lava flow 225 99128 81 101 744 5 0 49 79 227 55 71 70 6972 97 2 28 19 995 10 26 4521 6 104 2 221 4 9 105 26 84 19 112 65 25 14 85 98 9490 29 8648 4 15 2 7 4 1 6 11 8 41 56 69 111 87 8 9 41 26 244 245 224 22751 944 187 12 79 47 11 129 101 48 1 85 27 241 29 242 221 24 21 27 25 29 054 212 514 8 4517 20 16 2 28 546 6 49 50 4 52 56 5758 6 6178 60 64 66 77 84 24724 2 27 86 107 67 72 102 110 25 14 227 128 8151 74 222 29 9192 768 55 90 5962 96 88 8994 1 99 97 98 109 10 108 220 100 225 242 246 241 244 220 247 28 226106 82 Mata 60 air meso 20 & 20 60 Na+K HCO +CO Cl Calcium (Ca) Chloride (Cl) Hipotermal Piroklastik flow C A T I O N S %meq/l A N I O N S ownslope 6 5 181 Volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sediments Ca 20 Dow 102 6296 9 26 1 1,2 Downslope + + + + ++ + + 1? 20 86 85 29 84 Morphology: Gradual angle from 10 to 42with Sistem normal fault batuan Deposits: pyroclastic fall l at higher than 2000mdpl, lava 1250 sedimen - 2000 mdpl dan piroklastik aliranat 750-1250 mdpl. The vulkanikendapans sit on tertiary sedimentary batuans Elevasi lebih rendah 48 o Temp A., DHL, Sequence Na of +, Lahar deposits II K +, Cl -, 5 o I SO 2-4 T o Sistem batuan Elevasi lebih rendah mapl B gunung api LITH G. Ciremai 226-2500 106 Salinitas rendah, Klw kaya bikarbonat, ph, Mg, 2000 20 o 54 Non Ion dom.ions seimbang LhB Kation seimbang-hco Non dom.cat-hco Ca, Ca-HCO sirkulasi lokal dan III 5922 Telaga Remis Lava 1500 Lv Ca-HCO 76 Ca-HCO HCO - -4 1000 III IV IV menengah 10 o Ca-HCO Mg-HCO 10 o PxB Na-K-Cl 500 2 o -1 42 km 5 0 1 2 4 5 10 15 20 0 DEI-CP,2009 WB Minitab for Windows Komponen First Factor I 11 month Sedimen Lahar Piroklastik TE Hydrogeochemistry to trace the age and groundwater genetic A1 Kab. Sleman Kab. Klaten B A2 Kab. Klaten Kab. Sleman Kab. Klaten North 12,7yo 50,86 yo Cijanggel Jambudipa 27,24 yo 50,42 yo A South Cibabat 14,9 to 15,11 yo 4,7 yo
Buried Valley Reconstruction South slope of Mt.Merapi Yogyakarta Karst System: Mid Java Kawasan Karang Bolong, Jawa Tengah.
Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Sukabumi A B Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Imam P., 2006 Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Bribin underground river A B Batugamping Fm. Wonosari Stalaktit K. Bribin Profil Gua Kali Bribin Teras sungai Pompa air Pengukur muka air sungai otomatis Hasil plot resistivitas Muka air sungai Rongga Hasil rekonstruksi rongga Kali Suci, kedalaman 54 m, diameter 8 m Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Joko Santoso, 1994 dan 2005
700 Hydrodynamics in Karst Aquifer System H (A1). Model Aliran pada Kanal Terbuka Teori Waktu H 100 K. Bribin (A2) Model Aliran karst Kali Bribin 50 Okt Des Feb Apr Jun Agt Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Bulan Zona I Aliran lambat (infiltrasi lambat) Akifer Fm. Wonosari Maksimum 0 meter Kali Bribin K. Bribin Zona II Aliran cepat (Hipotermik) (B) Zonasi tata aliran airtanah di akifer Fm. Wonosari Bagian IV / Daftar Isi HGL Kawasan Karst (14) Groundwater River interaction: Cikapundung TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG Tipe Cikapundung III ALIRAN INFLUEN Aliran (Sungai Influen Mengisi Akifer) Jenis batuan: Perselingan Pasir Lempung Formasi Kosambi TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG II Tipe Cikapundung II ALIRAN EFLUEN Aliran (Sungai Efluen Diisi Akifer) Jenis batuan: Breksi Gunungapi Formasi Cikapundung TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG I Tipe ALIRAN Cikapundung TERISOLASI I Aliran (Sungai Terisolasi dan Akifer Tidak Berhubungan) Jenis batuan: Lava Basalt Formasi Cibeureum Sungai Citarum Dayeuh Kolot 700 Lengkong Besar Banceuy Viaduct Cihampelas ITB Curug Dago 0 Bojong Soang Pusat Kota Bandung 0 Pakar 900 900 1000 1100 KETERANGAN (A) Arah Sungai haliran Airtanah Cikapundung Kontur Topografi Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Fajar Lubis, 2002 650 0 750 m U 1000 1100 1200 1200 Maribaya Influent stream Effluent stream Jl. Asia Afrika, Bandung Cihampelas, Bandung
Groundwater River interaction: Ciliwung Tipe Ciliwung III Tipe Aliran Ciliwung InfluenIII Aliran Influen Tipe Ciliwung II Tipe Aliran Ciliwung Campuran II Aliran Campuran Tipe Ciliwung I Aliran Tipe Ciliwung Efluen I Aliran Efluen Bogor Jakarta (B) Sungai Ciliwung Influent stream Depok Mixed Stream Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan D. Erwin Irawan, 2006 Effluent stream Polutan? Mangga Besar, Jakarta Pd. Cina, Depok Tajur, Bogor WHAT NEXT? Geophysics for fracture tracer Groundwater Monitoring Tracer technology (hydrogeochemistry) 20
Presented in ITB Kyoto University GCOE HSE Program, Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009 THANK YOU HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION : AS FORM OF HUMAN SECURITY ENGINEERING CASE STUDY: VOLCANIC, KARST, ALLUVIUM SYSTEM ERWIN@GC.ITB.AC.ID BLOG.FITB.ITB.AC.ID/D_ERWIN_IRAWAN IRAWAN 21 www.appliedgeology.itb.ac.id/www fitb itb ac id