ABSTRACT. Key Words: Total Quality Management, financial performance, return on assets, champion. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT In an increasingly competitive business environment, every company is required to be able to participate in the competition, including manufacturing companies. Customer satisfaction and product quality is the key to survive in this situation. Quality products to enhance customer satisfaction over the use of the product. This will increase the volume of product sales so that revenue and profits will increase, and at the end result the company's financial performance will also increase. Product quality can only be generated through internal processes are good also, including through the implementation of the system or quality management programs. Total Quality Management (TQM) is one of them. TQM can be defined as a holistic management philosophy that through improvement in all functions of the organization on an ongoing basis, to produce better, cheaper, faster, secure and easy processing compared to competitors, by involving the participation of all employees under the leadership of top management. The financial performance is a description of any economic results that can be achieved by the company during a specific period through the activities of the company to generate profits efficiently and effectively, which can be measured by conducting an analysis of the development of the financial data reflected in the financial statements. This study uses financial performance, namely return on assets (ROA) as a measure because ROA reflects the efficiency of the use of all company assets in order to gain profit. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the influence of the implementation of Total Quality Management on corporate financial performance, particularly on return on assets (ROA). This research used a champion for the process of testing. The results showed that an increase in ROA of 0.19% from 2008 o 2009 and some activities are in accordance with the main components of TQM. Thus, TQM has been implemented well in the company and affect the company s financial performance. Key Words: Total Quality Management, financial performance, return on assets, champion vii

ABSTRAK Dalam lingkungan bisnis yang semakin kompetitif ini, setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk bisa ikut serta dalam persaingan, termasuk perusahaan manufaktur. Kepuasan pelanggan dan produk yang berkualitas merupakan kunci utama untuk bisa bertahan dalam keadaan yang seperti ini. Produk berkualitas dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan atas penggunaan produk. Hal ini akan meningkatkan volume penjualan produk sehingga pendapatan dan laba akan meningkat, dan pada hasil akhirnya kinerja keuangan perusahaan juga akan meningkat. Produk yang berkualitas hanya bisa dihasilkan melalui proses internal yang baik pula, diantaranya melalui penerapan sistem atau program-program pengelolaan kualitas. Pendekatan Total Quality Management (TQM) salah satunya. TQM dapat diartikan sebagai suatu filosofi manajemen yang bersifat holistik melalui perbaikan di segala fungsi organisasi secara berkelanjutan, untuk menghasilkan produk yang dengan lebih baik, murah, cepat, aman dan mudah pemrosesannya dibanding pesaing, dengan melibatkan partisipasi seluruh karyawan di bawah kepemimpinan manajemen puncak. Kinerja keuangan adalah gambaran tentang setiap hasil ekonomi yang mampu diraih oleh perusahaan pada saat periode tertentu melalui aktivitas-aktivitas perusahaan untuk menghasilkan keuntungan secara efesien dan efektif, yang dapat diukur perkembangannya dengan mengadakan analisis terhadap terhadap data-data keuangan yang tercermin dalam laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kinerja keuangan, yaitu return on assets (ROA) sebagai ukurannya karena ROA mencerminkan efisiensi penggunaan seluruh aktiva perusahaan guna memperoleh laba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh penerapan Total Quality Management terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan, khususnya pada return on assets (ROA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode champion untuk proses pengujiannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan ROA sebesar 0,19 % dari tahun 2008 ke 2009 dan beberapa aktivitas sudah sesuai dengan komponenkomponen utama Total Quality Management. Dengan demikian Total Quality Management sudah diterapkan dengan baik di perusahaan dan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Kata-kata kunci: Total Quality Management, kinerja keuangan, return on assets, champion viii

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI....iii KATA PENGANTAR...iv ABSTRACT...vii ABSTRAK viii DAFTAR ISI..ix DAFTAR TABEL.xii DAFTAR GAMBAR...xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN...1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah...1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah..4 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian..5 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian 5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....7 2.1 KajianPustaka...7 2.1.1 Kualitas 7 2.1.1.1 Definisi Kualitas..7 2.1.1.2 Pandangan Kualitas Menurut Pandangan Tradisional dan Modern.9 ix

2.1.2 Total Quality Management 12 2.1.2.1 Definisi Total Quality Management...12 2.1.2.2 Komponen-komponen Total Quality Management...16 2.1.2.3 Prinsip Utama Total Quality Management...19 2.1.2.4 Penerapan Total Quality Management di Indonesia..20 2.1.3 Kinerja Keuangan..23 2.1.3.1 Macam-Macam Pengukuran Kinerja Keuangan 24 2.1.3.2 Return On Asset.26 2.1.4 Pengaruh Total Quality Management terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan..27 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran 28 2.3 Pengembangan Hipotesis 29 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN..30 3.1 Objek Penelitian..30 3.2 Metode Penelitian...30 3.2.1 Variabel..31 3.2.1.1 Variabel Penelitian.31 3.2.1.2 Operasionalisasi Variabel..32 3.2.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian.35 3.2.2.1 Populasi..35 3.2.2.2 Sampel 36 3.2.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data...37 3.2.3.1 Jenis Data...37 x

3.2.3.1 Sumber Data...37 3.2.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data.37 3.3 Teknik Analisis Data...38 3.4 Metode Analisis Data dan Pengujian Data.39 3.4.1 Pengujian Hipotesis...41 3.4.1.1 MenentukanH 0 dan H 1.41 3.4.2 Penarikan Kesimpulan...42 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 43 4.1 Hasil Penelitian...43 4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan...43 4.1.2 Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian..43 4.2 Pembahasan.44 4.3 Pengaruh Penerapan Total Quality Management terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan..49 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN..51 5.1 Simpulan.51 5.2 Saran...52 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...54 LAMPIRAN.....56 xi

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1 Perbedaan Pandangan Tradisional dan Modern Tentang Kualitas.11 Tabel 3.1 Variabel Bebas/Independen, Subvariabel, Indikator, Skala Pengukuran, dan Instrumen..33 Tabel 3.2 Variabel Terikat/Dependen, Subvariabel, Indikator, Skala Pengukuran, dan Instrumen..35 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Jawaban Kuesioner Untuk Variabel Independen Penerapan Total Quality Management 45 Tabel 4.2 Data Keuangan PT X Tahun 2008 dan 2009..48 xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 Kerangka Pemikiran 28 xiii