PERSUASION IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Master Degree of Education in Language Studies Department by: MADYA GIRI ADITAMA S 200 140 014 MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDIES POST GRADUATE PROGRAM MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016 i
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MOTTO It s no matter what you CAN DO but what you WANT to DO, because I believe that Where there is a Will there is a Way. And Allah is always with me. Plan, Pray and Do the Best..!!! vi vii
DEDICATION 4.. vii viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin, praise is to Allah SWT, the Lord of universe, with His blessing and guidance so the agreement of this work can be finished. Sholawat and Salam are always given to our prophet Muhammad SAW that brings people from the darkness to the lightness. Working on this research has been a very enlightening, rewarding and gratifying experience for the writer. Begin with offering out line, looking for title, collecting samples, looking for theories to analyze, and analyzing what we ask in research problems and making conclusion are very interesting process for the writer. Sharing with advisors is important to improve our knowledge in making the research better. It needs hard work and determination to finish the research. PERSUASION IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS is chosen as the title of this thesis. This study is accomplished as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting Master Degree of Education in Magister of Language Studies, Post Graduate Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer is fully aware of other people s help, advice, suggestion and guidance. Therefore, on this opportunity, he would like to express his gratitude and appreciation to: viii ix
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH. M.Hum., as Director of Post Graduate Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given permission to write this research. 2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum., as Head of Magister of Language Studies, Post Graduate Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given permission to write this research. 3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D as the first advisor, who has given his great patience for giving time to read this little work, help, guidance in finishing this research, 4. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. as the second advisor, who gave help, guidance and corrections the research paper, 5. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, as the third examiner of this research. 6. All Lecturers of Magister of Language Studies in Post Graduate Program UMS who have given great knowledge till the end of the study. 7. His beloved parents, who have been an important and indispensable source of spiritual support to finish the study. 8. His beloved brother and sister who have supported his study. 9. Specialized to his late uncle who always gave suggestions and advices. 10. All his big families who have supported his life in study. 11. All his friends of class B Magister of Language Studies 2014, who have supported and gave beautiful memories a long the study we ll always be more than just friends. ix x
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TABLE OF CONTENT COVER.. i APPROVAL. ii NOTE OF ADVISOR I... iii NOTE OF ADVISOR II. iv PRONOUNCEMENT... v MOTTO... vi DEDICATION vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii TABLE OF CONTENT.... xi SUMMARY........ xiii ABSTRAK...... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... 1 A. Background of the Study 1 B. Limitation of the Study... 3 C. Problem Statement.. 3 D. Objective of the Study. 3 E. Benefit of the Study. 4 F. Thesis Organization 4 CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY... 6 A. Previous Study. 6 B. Related Theories 18 1. Pragmatics... 18 xi xii
2. Speech Acts.. 19 3. Persuasion... 22 4. Hedges.. 25 5. Writing Styles of Western and Eastern. 38 6. Native and Non-native English.. 39 C. Theoretical Framework 42 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD. 43 A. Type of Research... 43 B. Object of Research 43 C. Subject of Research... 43 D. Data and Data Source... 43 E. Technique of Collecting Data... 44 F. Data Validity.. 47 G. Technique of Analyzing Data... 47 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION... 49 A. Research Finding... 49 B. Discussion... 68 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 75 A. Conclusion.. 75 B. Suggestion.. 75 C. Pedagogical Implication... 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 77 APPENDICES... 84 xiii
SUMMARY Madya Giri Aditama, S200140014. PERSUASION IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS. A Thesis. Magister of Language Study, School of Graduate Studies, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2016. Persuasive in written texts especially in international journals is very interesting to be analyzed. The objectives of the research are to classify the persuasive strategies and to describe hedging strategies applied in persuasive sentences used by native and non-native English author in international journals. The type of the research is descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method used in this research is documentation method by using content analysis techniques. The data sources are international journals, which consist of 25 journals written by native English author and 25 journals written by non-native English author which are chosen randomly and analyzed by using Aristotle s persuasive strategies theory and Hyland s hedges strategies theory. The research findings shows that native authors use 481 persuasive strategies (100%) which consist of 186 Ethos (37,63%), 132 Pathos (27,44%), and 168 Logos (34,93%) application. And in non-native authors found 397 persuasive strategies (100%) which consist of 157 Ethos (39,55%), 32 Pathos (8,06%), and 208 Logos (52, 39%) application. While in the use of hedges strategies, the native authors use 803 hedges (100%), which consist of 62 Attribute Hedges (7,72%), 463 Reliability Hedges (57,66%), 149 Writer Oriented hedges (18,56%), and 129 Reader Oriented Hedges (16,06%). On the other hand, non-native authors used 702 hedges (100%), which consist of 46 Attribute Hedges (6,54%), 411 Reliability Hedges (58,46%), 113 Writer-Oriented hedges (16,07%), and 133 Reader Oriented Hedges (18,92%). This study also discovers some similarities and differences of persuasive and hedging strategies used by native and non-native English authors in writing international journals. Keywords: Hedging strategies, International Journals, Native and Non-native English, Persuasive strategies. xiii xiv
ABSTRAK Madya Giri Aditama, S200140014. PERSUASION IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS. Tesis. Magister Pengkajian Bahasa, Sekolah Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2016. Ungkapan ajakan atau persuasif dalam teks tertulis terutama dalam journal internasional merupakan sesuatu yang menarik untuk di analisis. Tujuan dari penalitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan strategi-strategi persuasive dan mendiskripsikan strategi hedging yang terdapat dalam kalimat-kaliam persuasive yang digunakan oleh penulis-penulis natif dan non-natif bahasa inggris dalam jurnal internasional. Jenis penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dengan teknik kontan analisis. Sumber data adalah jurnal-jurnal internasional yang terdiri dari 25 penulis natif dan 25 penulis non-natif yang dipilih secara acak dan dianalisis menggunakan teori strategi persuasive oleh Aristotle dan strategi hedging oleh Hyland. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penulis natif menggunakan 481 strategi persuasif (100%) yang terdiri dari 186 Ethos (37,63%), 132 Pathos (27,44%), dan 168 Logos (34,93%). Dan di penulis nonnatif ditemukan 397 strategi persuasif (100%) yang terdiri dari 157 Ethos (39,55%), 32 Pathos (8,06%), dan 208 Logos (52, 39%). Sementara dalam penggunaan strategi hedge, penulis natif menggunakan 803 hedges (100%), yang terdiri dari 62 Attribute Hedges (7,72%), 463 Reliability Hedges (57,66%), 149 Writer Oriented hedges (18,56%), dan 129 Reader Oriented Hedges (16,06%). Di sisi lain, penulis non-natif menggunakan 702 hedges (100%), yang terdiri dari 46 Attribute Hedges (6,54%), 411 Reliability Hedges (58,46%), 113 Writer-Oriented hedges (16,07%), dan 133 Reader Oriented Hedges (18,92%). Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan beberapa kemiripan dan perbedaan dalam penggunaan strategi persuasive dan strategi hedging oleh penulis natif dan non-natif dalam menulis jurnal internasional. Keywords: Strategi Hedging, Jurnal Internasional, Natif dan Non-natif, Strategi Persuasif. xiv xv