LAMPIRAN I SIGN CONVENTION

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1 LAMPIRAN I SIGN CONVENTION Normal Axis 3 Local axis 3 is always normal to the plane of the shell element. This axis is directed towards you when the path j1-j2-j3 appears counter-clockwise. For quadrilateral elements, the element plane is defined by the vectors that connect the mid-points of the two pairs of opposite sides. Default Orientation The default orientation of the local 1 and 2 axes is determined by the relationship between the local 3 axis and the global Z axis: The local 3-2 plane is taken to be vertical, i.e., parallel to the Z axis The local 2 axis is taken to have an upward (+Z) sense unless the element is horizontal, in which case the local 2 axis is taken along the global +Y direction The local 1 axis is horizontal, i.e., it lies in the X-Y plane The element is considered to be horizontal if the sine of the angle between the local 3 axis and the Z axis is less than The local 2 axis makes the same angle with the vertical axis as the local 3 axis makes with the horizontal plane. This means that the local 2 axis points vertically upward for vertical elements. Element Coordinate Angle The shell element coordinate angle, ang, is used to define element orientations that are different from the default orientation. It is the angle through which the local 1 and 2 axes are rotated about the positive local 3 axis from the default orientation. The rotation for a positive angle value of ang appears counterclockwise when the local +3 axis is pointing toward you.for horizontal elements, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the horizontal +Y axis. Otherwise, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the vertical plane containing the local 3 axis. The following figures provide examples. 107

2 See Also: Von Mises Stress 108

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6 LAMPIRAN II OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGITIGA SAP2000 Advanced Version (Analysis Build 8499) File:...core-2-sel-SegiTiga-s-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiTiga-selemen 1m.LOG B E G I N A N A L Y S I S 2008/03/26 MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES) = MB NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL = 1075 E L E M E N T F O R M A T I O N NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED = 2112 NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED = 49 REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = 75 COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = 3 CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION = 72 L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S O L U T I O N FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0 L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE = 1 NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK = 1 LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S C O M P L E T E 2008/03/26 112

7 LAMPIRAN III OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGIEMPAT SAP2000 Advanced Version (Analysis Build 8499) File:...A-core-2-sel-SegiEmpat-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiEmpatelemen 1m.LOG B E G I N A N A L Y S I S 2008/03/26 MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES) = MB NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL = 1075 E L E M E N T F O R M A T I O N NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED = 1056 NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED = 49 REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = 75 COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = 3 CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION = 72 L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S O L U T I O N FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0 L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE = 1 NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK = 1 LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S C O M P L E T E 2008/03/26 113

8 Lampiran IV Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kanan (Vektor Arah Keatas) Gambar : Model 3D 114

9 Gambar : Model 2D 115

10 Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek 116

11 Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek 117

12 Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek 118

13 Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang 119

14 Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang 120

15 Lampiran V Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kiri (Vektor Arah Ke Bawah) Gambar : Model 3D 121

16 Gambar : Model 2D 122

17 Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek 123

18 Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek 124

19 Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek 125

20 Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang 126

21 Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang 127

22 LAMPIRAN VI Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Berlawanan Arah) Gambar : Model 3D 128

23 Gambar : Model 2D 129

24 Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek 130

25 Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek 131

26 Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek 132

27 Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang 133

28 Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang 134

29 LAMPIRAN VII Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Searah Ke Bawah ) Gambar : Model 3D 135

30 Gambar : Model 2D 136

31 Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek 137

32 Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek 138

33 Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek 139

34 Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang 140

35 Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang 141