TINDAK LANJUT KEPUTUSAN KTM NAIROBI: PENGHAPUSAN SUBSIDI ESKPOR

Transkripsi

1 TINDAK LANJUT KEPUTUSAN KTM NAIROBI: PENGHAPUSAN SUBSIDI ESKPOR Directorate of Multilateral Negotiation Directorate General of International Trade Negotiation Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia

2 EXPORT SUBSIDIES: 6. Developed Members shall immediately eliminate their remaining scheduled export subsidy entitlements as of the date of adoption of this Decision. 7. Developing country Members shall eliminate their export subsidy entitlements by the end of Developing country Members shall continue to benefit from the provisions of Article 9.4 of the Agreement on Agriculture until the end of 2023, i.e. five years after the end-date for elimination of all forms of export subsidies. Least developed countries and net food-importing developing countries listed in G/AG/5/Rev.10 shall continue to benefit from the provisions of Article 9.4 of the Agreement on Agriculture until the end of Members shall not apply export subsidies in a manner that circumvents the requirement to reduce and eliminate all export subsidies. 10. Members shall seek not to raise their export subsidies beyond the average level of the past five years on a product basis. 11. Members shall ensure that any export subsidies have at most minimal trade distorting effects and do not displace or impede the exports of another Member. To that effect, Members using export subsidies shall give due consideration to the effects of any such export subsidies on other Members, and shall consult, upon request, with any other Member having a substantial interest as an exporter with respect to any matter related to the export subsidies in question. The Member applying such export subsidies shall provide, upon request, such a Member with necessary information.

3 CAKUPAN SUBSIDI EKSPOR YANG DILARANG: Pembayaran langsung oleh Pemerintah kepada eksportir Penjualan saham non-komersial dengan harga yang lebih rendah dari harga pasar domestik Subsidi yang dibiayai produsen (dikenakan terhadap produksi) Tindakan pengurangan biaya produksi (biaya upgrading, handling, pengapalan) Subsidi transport internal ke pelabuhan pengapalan Subsidi terhadap produk tergabung (contingent product) *Sesuai Poin.8 Ministerial Decision WT/MIN(15)/45, sampai tahun 2023, negara berkembang masih boleh menerapkan subsidi yang terdapat dalam Art.9.4 AoA, yaitu subsidi dalam bentuk tindakan pengurangan biaya produksi (biaya upgrading, handling, pengapalan) dan Subsidi transport internal ke pelabuhan pengapalan. Sebagai tindak lanjut KTM Nairobi 2015 terkait Subsidi Ekspor, Anggota WTO yang mempunyai entitlement pemberian Subsidi Ekspor secara umum menyepakati untuk melakukan perubahan Schedule of Commitment (SoC) sebagai mekanisme untuk menghapus Subsidi Ekspor.

4 Certification is the process of attesting changes in the authentic text of the Schedule to reflect modifications resulting from renegotiations under Articles II, XVIII:7, XXIV:6, XXVII and XXVIII, as well as rectifications of Schedules of a purely formal character. This process is intended to keep the authentic texts of Schedules up to date and consistent with corresponding items in national customs tariffs. (Sumber: Modul WTO Schedules of Concessions and Renegotiation of Concessions) Sesuai Art. XXVIII GATT, atas permintaan Anggota, Sekretariat WTO akan menyampaikan usulan perubahan SOC tersebut ke seluruh Anggota WTO. Dalam jangka waktu tertentu dilihat, ada tidaknya Anggota yang mengajukan keberatan. Apabila tidak ada yang keberatan, Sekretariat WTO akan melakukan Sertifikasi sehingga perubahan SOC menjadi efektif.

5 Beberapa anggota menyatakan bahwa proses domestik untuk mengubah Schedule of Commitment (SOC) harus mendapatkan persetujuan dari Parlemen. Sedangkan beberapa anggota lainnya tidak mensyaratkan persetujuan dari Parlemen dan cukup dilakukan oleh pihak Eksekutif. Untuk Indonesia, proses perubahan SoC merupakan domain Eksekutif sehingga tidak memerlukan persetujuan Parlemen, dalam hal ini DPR RI. (masukan dari Plh. Dirjen Hukum dan Perjanjian Internasional, Kementerian Luar Negeri)

6 Dalam konsultasi informal Dirjen WTO dengan Duta Besar 18 anggota yang wajib menghapus komitmen subsidi ekspornya, Australia, Norway dan Israel menyampaikan draft dokumen mengenai perubahan SOC yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintahannya. Format yang digunakan ketiga negara tersebut sama, menggunakan tabel yang ada pada Part IV Schedule of Commitment mereka, yaitu bagian Agricultural Products: Commitments Limiting Subsidization. Tabel tersebut berisi informasi jenis produk pertanian yang mendapatkan subsidi ekspor, kuantitas produk dan nilai subsidi yang diterima.

7 Schedule I - AUSTRALIA PART IV - AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: COMMITMENTS LIMITING SUBSIDIZATION (Article 3 of the Agreement on Agriculture) SECTION II: Export Subsidies: Budgetary Outlay and Quantity Reduction Commitments Description of Base outlay Calendar/oth er Years of Annual and final Base Calendar/o ther Years of Annual and final Relevant products and level year applied implementatio n outlay commitment quantity year applied implementatio n quantity Supporting Tables tariff item no levels commitment and document (HS 6 digits) levels reference Pears (ex ) Butter and Butteroil ( ) Source: WTO $0.36 (million $As) $22.44 (million $As) Jan/Dec 1995 $ Jan/Dec ,490 AGST/AUS tonnes 1996 $ ,364 Supporting 1997 $ ,237 Table 1998 $ , $ , $ , December 2015 $ December 2015 $0.00 July/June 1995/96 $ July/June 1995/96 63,706 AGST/AUS tonnes 1996/97 $ /97 58,731 Supporting 1997/98 $ /98 53,755 Table 1998/99 $ /99 48, /2000 $ / , /01 $ /01 38, December 2015 $ December 2015 $0.00

8 Schedule XIV - NORWAY PART IV - AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: COMMITMENTS LIMITING SUBSIDIZATION (Article 3 of the Agreement on Agriculture) SECTION II: Export Subsidies: Budgetary Outlay and Quantity Reduction Commitments Description of Base outlay Calendar/other Years of Annual and final Base Calendar/other Years of Annual and final Relevant products and level year applied implementation outlay commitment quantity year applied implementation quantity Supporting Tables tariff item no levels commitment and document (HS 6 digits) levels reference Bovine meat: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (Mio NOK) Calendar (Mio NOK) tons Calendar tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons As of 19 December 2015 NIL As of 19 December 2015 NIL Pigmeat: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (Mio NOK) Calendar (Mio NOK) tons Calendar tons Source: WTO (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons (Mio NOK) tons 2021 NIL 2021 NIL AGST/NOR Supporting table 11 AGST/NOR Supporting table 11

9 Schedule XXI - INDONESIA PART IV - AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: COMMITMENTS LIMITING SUBSIDIZATION (Article 3 of the Agreement on Agriculture) SECTION II: Export Subsidies: Budgetary Outlay and Quantity Reduction Commitments Description of products and tariff item no, (HS 6 digits) Budgetary Outlay Commitments, USD Annual and final Quantity Reduction Commitments, MT Calendar/oth er Annual and final Relevant Supporting Tables and document reference Base outlay Calendar/other Years of Base Years of outlay level year applied implementation commitment quantity year applied implementation quantity levels commitment levels Rice 28,348, ,667, , ,553 AGST/IDN: Supporting Table ,987, , ,307, , ,626, , ,946, , ,266, , ,585, , ,905, , ,225, , ,544, ,785 As of 31 December 2018 NIL As of 31 December 2018 NIL Perubahan dari Schedule of Commitment Indonesia sesudah adanya Ministerial Decision WT/MIN(15)/45 bisa dilihat dari baris ini. Source: WTO

10 Aturan - Aturan HUKUM Subsidi Ekspor di WTO Schedule of Concession Indonesia pada waktu Uruguay Round 1995 hanya mengkomitmenkan Beras untuk mendapatkan fleksibilitas pemberian subsidi ekspor. Pasal 2 GATT 1994, menyebutkan bahwa members tidak diperbolehkan memberikan instrumen perdagangan (apalagi bersifat menghambat dan mendistorsi pasar) selain yang telah dikomitmenkan/ ditetapkan pada Schedule of Concession. Pasal 3 (3) AoA, menyebutkan bahwa members dilarang memberikan subsidi eskpor selain yang telah disyaratkan pada Pasal 9 AoA dan juga tidak boleh memberikan subsidi sejenis untuk produk pertanian yang tidak dijelaskan pada Schedule of Concession. Pasal 10 (3) AoA, menyebutkan bahwa jika terdapat peningkatan kuantitas ekspor yang diindikasikan adanya bantuan subsidi eskpor, members juga wajib transparansi untuk membuktikan.

11 SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH