10/9/2014. HUKUM CYBER & SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET Josua Sitompul September 2014 TEKNOLOGI, MASYARAKAT, DAN HUKUM CYBERSPACE CYBERLAW

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1 HUKUM CYBER & SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET Josua Sitompul September 2014 TEKNOLOGI, MASYARAKAT, DAN HUKUM TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY LAW 2 CYBERSPACE, CYBERSOCIETY, CYBERLAW CYBERSPACE CYBER- SOCIETY CYBERLAW 3 1

2 CYBERNETICS Yunani: κυβερνητικός (kybernetes) : skilled in steering or governing Norbert Wiener (1948): Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine cybernetics : the science of control and communication, in the animal and the machine CYBERSPACE = INTERNET Koops, 2006 technologies that store, transmit, and/or process information and communication; focuses on computers, telecommunications, and computer and telecommunication networks. sometimes used as a virtual synonym for the Internet : DoD membentuk Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) untuk menjalankan ARPANET DoD, NASA, DoE, NSF Tujuannya penelitian untuk kepentingan militer, bukan komersil JCR Licklider : Man-Computer Symbiosis Online Man Computer Communication : Galactic Network Computer as Communication Device 2

3 Let us be optimistic. What will on-line interactive communities be like? In most fields they will consist of geographically separated members, some times grouped in small clusters and sometimes working individually. They will be communities not of common location, but of common interest. In each filed, the overall community of interest will be large enough to support a comprehensive system of field-oriented programs and data. You will not send a letter or a telegram; you will simply identify the people whose files should be linked to yours... You will seldom make a telephone call; you will ask the network to link your consoles together... You will seldom make a purely business trip... you will spend much more time in computer facilitated teleconferences.. Projek ARPANET menghasilkan jaringan pertama yang menggunakan packet switching 1971 : pertama dikirimkan 1973 : File Transfer Protokol ditetapkan 1974 : common network protokol dibangun dan menghasilkan RFC 675 : specification of internet transmission control Istilah Internet Muncul : INTERNETWORKING 1978 : Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 3

4 1975 : ARPANET diserahkan kepada Defense Communication Agency (Bagian dari D.D) 1983 : satu bagian dari ARPANET mengembangkan jaringan untuk keperluan militer. Eropa melalui Organisasi Penelitian Nuklir Eropa (CERN) mengembangkan TCP/IP dalam kurun waktu penggunaan TCP/IP di Eropa semakin diterima 1990an Internet digunakan dan dikembangkan di Asia termasuk di Indonesia KARAKTERISTIK CYBERSPACE Real; (Cyber v.s. Maya?) Virtual; Borderless; Anonymous; Ubiquitous; Maya: hanya tampaknya ada, tetapi nyatanya tidak ada khayalan; On the Internet, no one knows you re a dog 11 TRANSAKSI DALAM CYBERSPACE VOLUME TRANSAKSI... RISIKO 12 4

5 SEKILAS TENTANG KEJAHATAN: CYBERCRIME Klasifikasi menurut Kongres PBB Prevention of crime and the Treatment of Offenders Vienna, April 2000) in a narrow sense ( computer crime ): any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that targets the security of computer systems and the data processed by them; in a broader sense ( computer-related crime ): any illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession, offering or distributing information by means of a computer system or network. 13 KEBUTUHAN PENGATURAN? Tingkat Teknologi Facebook Youtube GSM IP TV PDA 4 th G voice text video TCP/IP based Laws & Regulations Telephone Computer Internet ISTILAH Hukum Siber istilah: siber; maya-antara; komputer; telematika; maya tidak tepat hanya tampaknya ada, tetapi nyatanya tidak ada khayalan; komputer: istilah yang digunakan pada awal perkembangan komputer pendekatan alat sudah tidak tepat lagi kejahatan tidak hanya dilakukan melalui komputer, tetapi juga alat lain (hand phone) Siber cyber: cyberspace, cybercrimes, cyberlaw 5

6 MENGAPA HUKUM SIBER DIATUR TERSENDIRI Karakteristik dunia siber tidak dibatasi teritori permasalahan yurisdiksi hukum kompleksitas pembuktian tidak ada saksi secara konvensional kompleksitas keamanan dan kepastian hukum PENDEKATAN MENJAGA KEAMANAN DUNIA CYBER Aspek Hukum pendekatan hukum mutlak untuk memberikan kepastian hukum Aspek Teknologi mengatur cyberspace dengan teknologi firewall access code anti virus Aspek Sosial, Budaya dan Etika meningkatkan awareness masyarakat Pembatasan Pornografi Kompleksitas: Ring Back Tone transaksi elektronik hak cipta ASAS PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI ITE Asas Kepastian Hukum Asas Manfaat Asas Kehati-hatian Asas Itikad Baik Asas Netral Teknologi Indonesia adalah negara pengguna Kekuatan Indonesia lebih kepada pengembangan teknologi, bukan penciptaan teknologi baru Windows v.s. Open Source 6