PEMBENAHAN LAHAN PASCA TAMBANG

Transkripsi

1 PEMBENAHAN LAHAN PASCA TAMBANG Dr. Yadi Setiadi Mined Land Rehabilitation Specialist Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Campus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor

2 Potential Resources Under Forest Nickel Gold and Cupper Coal Tin Oil Others

3 Impacted land Terbuka fungsi akar dan tajuk hilang Vegetasi hilang/rusak Biodiversity hilang Top/sub soil hilang produktivitas lahan turun Tidak stabil dan mudah erosi Fungsi stabilitas lahan turun Marginal sukar di tanami, tidak subur Fungsi Hutan harus dikembalikan Diatur oleh PERATURAN!!!!!!!!!!!

4 Kebutuhan Tanaman Agar Tumbuh Lestari Kecocokan lingkungan Temperature, cahaya, kelembaban Ketinggian (dpl) Hama/penyakit alami terkontrol Kondisi lahan Kondusif bagi perakaran Tidak tergenang, tidak compak, tidak kompetisi Ketersediaan hara tanaman Hara harus ada : (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe, Mo,Bo,Mn,Ni etc) Hara harus cukup dan tersedia : N (N03 or NH4),P (H2P04 or PO4) Hara harus seimbang (rasio Ca/Mg> 5:3) Hara harus kontinyu (jasa enzimatic microba)

5 Soil problems Soil Physical Properties Soil texture (grain size distribution) Porosity (aeration) Depth to hard-pad or impervious layer Soil Compaction (water-log, root inhibition) Soil moisture content, surface temperature Soil Biology Vegetation cover and carbon content Microbial population and activities Soil Chemical Poor of soil nutrients Soil reaction (ph) Low of cation exchange capacity (CEC) Mineral toxicity

6 Melakukan kajian karakteristik lahan Menganalisis tanah Pengambilan soil sample (quadrat methods) Melakukan analysis laboratory Menganalisa data hasil laboratory Mengetahui kendala tanah Tahu cara-cara pencegahan dengan ( soil amendment) Menyelamatkan kegagalan revegetasi Menyelamatkan COST

7 Hasil analisis tanah Hasil Sites characterizations Characteristics PRP#1 PRP#2 PRP#3-4 PRP#5 Materials Mixed of sub-surface soil Peat layer, cov. with leached grayish mineral soil layer Ultramafic rock Ultramafic rock Nutrient Status N,P,K,Ca (deficient); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn (low); C-Org (very low) N, P, K, Ca, Mg (low); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn (sufficient); C-organic (low) N, K, Ca (low); P (lowvery high); Mg (high); Mg>Ca (3-5); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn (suff.) N, P, K, Ca, Mg (low); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn (suff.); C-org. (low) Soil reaction (ph) (strongly acidic) (strongly acidic) (extremely acidic) (strongly acidic) Al saturation 72% (very high) 19.4% (low) 74% (very high) 34% (moderate) CEC 5-12 (low) (medium) 30 (high) 5-17 (low) Texture Clay Organic+Soil Fraction Fine Clay Loam-Silty Loam HC 0.23 cm/hr (very low) cm/hr (fast) 0.62 cm/hr (low) low BD 1.45 gr/cc (high) gr/cc (low) 0.97 gr/cc (moderate) 1.12 gr/cc (moderate) Drainage Compacted, poor aeration, water-log Poor drainage and aeration Poor drainage, aeration, water-log Moderate drainage

8 Soil Problems Kendala Migas Batubara Nikel SandTailing ph Compaction Fair High High Low WHC Low Low Low Very Low Nutrients Low Very Low Very Low Deficient CEC Low Low Low Very Low Al High High High Low Fe High Very High High Low EC High Low Low Very Low Hydrocarbon Yes No/Pirit No/Mg>Ca No/Temp

9 CEC problem

10 Compaction

11 Perbaikan kondisi lahan pasca tambang Tanah pucuk Pupuk kimia Humic acid Mycorrhizae Bio-stimulant Bio-organic Polymer fertlizer Polymer breaker Organo-NPK Merangsang sistem perakaran Melarutkan fosfat yang terikat Meningkatkan Kapasitas Tukar Kation Meningkatkan daya ikat air Mengkelat logam berat Meningkatkan penyerapan hara Meningkatkan populasi dan aktivitas mikroba potensial Menyediakan hara macro dan micro Mempercepat humifikasi

12 Mycorrhizal inoculum

13 Humic acid extraction

14 Fermentasi Kotoran hewan

15 BIO-Organic Cair

16 Polymer Products Nama product Keterangan Coating NPK Poly-Fertilizer Poly-glue Bio-compost Poly-sorb NPK and Micro + humic acid Lengkap stabil (ph, KTK, tersedia) Perekat biji Bio-organic Penyimpan Air

17 Site preparation Provide space for root development Avoid roots competition Avoid water log Avoid land slide and soil erosion

18 Soil improvement

19 Planting Planting stock on plantable size Select healthy planting stock Removing poly-bags Compacting earth-ball Controlling collar-root position Controlling soil moisture

20 Plant maintenance Re-planting Mulching Watering Weeding Fertilizer addition Root manipulation Erosion control and drainage Pest and diseases control

21 KEGIATAN REVEGETASI

22

23 Borrow Pit

24 Erosion control Before revegetate

25 Pertumbuhan 1 dan 3 bulan setelah tanam 10/3/

26 Templok untuk tanah miring

27 Templok papan catur 10/3/

28 Quarry

29 17 bulan

30 Coal mine rehabilitation

31 Coal overburden

32 Nickel mining

33 Phyto-stabilization

34 Post Nickel Mining

35 Reclamation post mining

36 Gold mining

37 Sandy tailing-1

38 Sandy tailing-2 FOTO : Edy Nurcahya

39 Padat dan Tergenang Tanaman kerdil, daun kekuningan Daun rontok, akar busuk, mati Cara mengatasi : Pembuatan drainage Peremahan lahan dengan ripping Penggemburan dengan Terabrik Craking dengan Humic Acid Cara bertanam permukaan cembung Pemilihan jenis tahan genangan

40 Borrow Pit

41 ph rendah, Al,Fe, Pirit tinggi ph rendah < 2.7 Al, Fe, : > 3me/100 gr, ppm (toxic) Pirit : > 4% toxic Pengendalian. ph tanah dinaikan dengan kapur atau AJKLSWT Melakukan phosphate saturation Chelating dengan Humic acid Menanaman jenis tolerance ph rendah

42 Pyrite problem

43 KTK dan unsur hara rendah KTK < 16 Boros pemupukan Pencemaran pupuk Tanaman kurang subur, kerdil Tidak mau berbunga dan berbuah Perbaikan KTK : kompost, Humic acid Pemupupukan dan Humic acid Menggunakan polymer fertilizer

44 MONITORING

45 Success criteria Adaptability Survival >80% Growth performance (progressive) Root development (across mine land) Sustainability Biodiversity (shannon, Spec richness) Natural colonization (abundance) Nutrient retention (decomposed litter) Wild life status (spec richness) Stand structure Plant density ( /ha) Crown structure (3-5 layer) Crown coverage (60-70%) Spec composition (Pioneer (40 %),Primer (50%), Wildlife (10%) Land Form Slope (leveling <30 o ) Erosion status (below threshold level) Land stabilization (controlled) Setiadi.Yadi Revegetation Monitoring for Mine Closure. Perhapi Meeting.

46 Revegetation approached Minimize application of top soil Minimize application of Pestiherbicide Enhance native species biodiversity Create closed nutrient cycle system Domestication and Conserving potential native tree species Reuse local and non toxic organic waste Involved and contribute for local people

47 THANK YOU and LET S KEEPS OUR PLANET GREEN good for the planet, good for us