INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE S ROMEO AND JULIET

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1 INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE S ROMEO AND JULIET A Thesis by Yenni Sasmita Student Number: ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2007

2 INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE S ROMEO AND JULIET A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme By Yenni Sasmita Student Number: ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2007 i

3 A THESIS ON INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE S ROMEO AND JULIET by Yenni Sasmita Student Number: Approved by, G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA Major Sponsor Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA Co-Sponsor ii

4 A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on July 20, 2007 and declared acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chairperson : G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA.. Secretary : Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA.. Member : B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M. Hum.. Semarang, 20 july, 2007 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean, Heny Hartono, SS., M.PD iii

5 iv OPEN YOUR MOUTH AND TASTE, OPEN YOUR EYES AND SEE HOW GOOD GOD IS. (THE MESSAGE - PSALM 34)

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to give my gratitude to Jesus Christ for all His guide, guard and blessings in my hard times. You said, Don t run from suffering, embrace it. Follow Me and I ll show you how. Secondly, I also would like to give my great gratitude to Mr. G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA as my major sponsor and Mrs. Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA as my co- sponsor. Thanks for your patience, understanding, support, guidance and suggestions during my thesis writing process. I thank to Mr. B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M. Hum to his suggestions in finishing my thesis. Also, I would like to thank the Dean and all the lectures and staff in Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University. Thirdly my gratitude goes to my beloved mother, father, sister and brothers. Thank you so much for all the supports, love, patience and prays. Your prayers are my strength to finish this thesis. My gratitude goes also to my fiancé; ko Theo, thanks for your love, attention, and patient to remind me finish my thesis. I love you. My appreciation will be sent to my best friends, Yunni. K.D, Nelly, Santi, Nita, Eneas, Soen Hok, Rany, Mel, thanks for your support and help. Also, to my friends in my boarding house, Hanna and levy lelep who waiting me during my final examination, Hany, Yeni bawang merah, Kartika, I in, Vy, Oc, bebet. God bless you all. My endless gratitude goes to all of my partners in MERCY magazine, Pdt. Ko Simson, Pdm. Ci Rhanny, Iwan, Yin2, Joe, Yohan, Untung, Andhri, Hongky, Maya, and Ronny, thanks for your prayers and support. v

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES OF TITLE i PAGES OF APPROVAL ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS iii ACKNOWLEDGEMETS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi ABSTRACT viii ABSTRAK ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY SCOPE OF THE STUDY PROBLEM FORMULATION OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY DEFINITION OF TERMS 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH SHAKESPEARE S ROMEO AND JULIET RENAISSANCE TIMES ITALIAN RENAISSANCE SOCIAL VALUES/ NORMS IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE 12 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMEO-JULIET AND OTHER CHARACTERS ARE COMPLEX: CONFLICTS AND HARMONY CONFLICTS IN BETWEEN ROMEO-JULIET AND OTHER CHARACTERS ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS FAMILIES CONFLICT ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS FRIAR LAURENCE ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS SOCIETY HARMONY THE ANALYSIS OF ROMEO-JULIET COMPLEX SITUATION IN RENAISSANCE VALUES 27 vi

8 THE RELATION BETWEEN ROMEO AND JULIET IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE THE MARRIAGE IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE: ROMEO AND JULIET THE OBEDIENCE TO RELIGION RELATED TO THE SOCIAL CONDITION OR RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND 31 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY 37 APPENDIX vii

9 ABSTRACT The relationship between man and woman is very complicated. There are many things to consider before they are deciding to be a lover/ a couple and getting married. The background of the family in the society is the most important thing. It is true, that people are free to choose a husband or a wife to be with, but the society and their environment have a big part of it. Romeo and Juliet is an example of forbidden love because their family backgrounds are always in feud. The objectives of this study are to find out the complex relationship between Romeo and Juliet as the major characters in the play in relation to other characters. This study will continue to find out how their actions and behaviors were confronted with values of the Elizabethan society. So, to analyze this thesis, the writer uses sociological approach. The writer used this approach to know the social condition of Italy at Renaissance times on which the drama was set. Based on this study, the writer find out that there are many conflict of characters in this play such as: Romeo vs. Juliet, Romeo family vs. Juliet family, Romeo/ Juliet vs. Friar, Romeo/Juliet vs. society. The main characters are much influenced by the Elizabethan era society and their environment because other characters around them influence their ways of thinking and action. If someone was against the social norms at that time, he or she would be easily stigmatized punished by society. viii

10 ABSTRAK Hubungan antara pria dan wanita sangat rumit. Ada banyak faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan sebelum memutuskan untuk menjadi sepasang kekasih dan kemudian menikah. Latar belakang keluarga dalam suatu masyarakat merupakan hal yang terpenting. Memang benar, bahwa merupakan kebebasan seseorang untuk memilih suami atau istri, namun masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya juga mendapat bagian yang sangat besar bagi kehidupan seseorang. Romeo dan Juliet merupakan salah satu contoh dari cinta yang terlarang karena latar belakang keluarga mereka yang selalu dalam permusuhan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan Romeo dan Juliet sebagai pemeran utama dalam drama ini dengan hubungannya dengan pemeran yang lain. Studi ini akan dilanjutkan dengan mencari bagaimana tindakan dan kelakuan mereka dihadapkan dengan nilai- nilai yang ada dalam masyarakat Elizabeth. Dalam menganalisa skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan tersebut untuk mengetahui kondisi social Itali pada saat itu pada zaman Renaissance yang merupakan seting dari drama tersebut. Berdasarkan studi tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa ada banyak sekali konflik yang terjadi dalam karakter- karakter yang ada dalam drama tersebut, seperti: Romeo- Juliet, keluarga Romeo-keluarga Juliet, Romeo/ Juliet- Friar, Romeo/ Juliet- masyarakat. Pemeran utama sangat dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat sosial dan lingkungan di masa Elizabeth karena karakter- karakter yang lain juga mempengaruhi cara mereka berfikir dan bertindak. Seseorang yang menentang norma- norma sosial yang berlaku akan diberi ganjaran oleh masyarakatnya. ix