ABSTRACT. Key words: target costing, efficiency, production costs, selling prices.

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT Target costing is a cost accounting system in which the cost management system is carried out if the cost exceeds a predefined and performed on development stage. Generally, the result of target costing calculation will result in a smaller fee amount when compared with those not using target costing. Using target costing also the the selling price will be more competitive because prices are set in accordance with the target company s beginning and will not be affected if costs increase. Purpose of this research is to know and understand the target costing approach can be used as a means of determining the effiency of production cost and selling price. Methods used by the researchers is the method of dexcriptive analysis and data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and review documents. And calculating the costs of using target costing, the the results will be compared. The results of this research is to implement target costing, companies can improve effiency of production costs and selling process as expected. Advice for companies is the company should implement target costing because the target costing can increase the production costs effiencies and hel the company achieve the expected sale price. Authors proposed recommendation for further research is the collection of information through interviews to some other wider, and deepen information data processing. Key words: target costing, efficiency, production costs, selling prices. vi

INTISARI Target costing merupakan sistem akuntansi biaya dimana dalam sistem ini dilakukan manajemen biaya apabila biaya yang dikeluarkan melebihi dari yang sudah ditetapkan dan dilakukan pada tahap pengembangan. Secara umum, hasil dari penghitungan target costing ini akan menghasilkan biaya yang lebih kecil jumlahnya jika dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan target costing. Dengan menggunakan sistem target costing juga harga jual produk akan lebih dapat bersaing karena harga ditetapkan diawal sesuai dengan target perusahaan dan tidak akan terpengaruh jika biaya mengalami kenaikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan memahami pendekatan target costing dapat dijadikan sebagai alat penentu efisiensi biaya produksi dan harga jual. Metode yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode analisis deskriptif serta menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan pengkajian dokumen. Serta melakukan penghitungan biaya-biaya dengan menggunakan target costing dan dengan tidak menggunakan target costing, kemudian hasilnya akan dibandingkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan menerapkan target costing perusahaan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi biaya produksi dan harga jual sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan. Saran bagi perusahaan adalah sebaiknya perusahaan menerapkan target costing karena dengan target costing terjadi peningkatan efisiensi biaya produksi dan membantu perusahaan dalam mencapai harga jual yang diharapkan. Rekomendasi yang diajukan penulis untuk peneliti selanjutnya adalah melakukan pengumpulan data dengan wawancara ke beberapa pihak yang lebih luas, serta memperdalam informasi pengolahan data. Kata kunci: target costing, efisiensi, biaya produksi, harga jual. vii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA TULIS SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv ABSTRACT... vi INTISARI... vii DAFTAR ISI... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR... xii DAFTAR TABEL... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah... 1 1.1.2 Perumusan Masalah... 5 1.1.3 Tujuan Penelitian... 5 1.1.4 Manfaat Penelitian... 6 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA... 7 2.1 Pengertian Biaya... 7 2.2 Target Costing... 8 viii

2.2.1 Pengertian Target Costing... 8 2.2.2 Karakteristik Target Costing... 11 2.2.3 Manfaat Target Costing... 12 2.2.4 Model Penerapan Target Costing... 13 2.2.5 Proses Target Costing... 14 2.2.6 Metode Target Costing... 15 2.2.7 Prinsip Target Costing... 17 2.3 Efisiensi Biaya Produksi... 20 2.3.1 Pengertian Biaya Produksi... 20 2.3.2 Manfaat Informasi Harga Pokok Produksi... 20 2.3.3 Unsur-Unsur Biaya Produksi... 23 2.4 Harga Jual... 24 2.4.1 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penentuan Harga Jual... 25 2.4.2 Metode Penetapan Harga Jual... 28 2.4.3 Pendekatan yang Dilakukan Untuk Menetapkan Harga Jual... 29 2.5 Target Costing dan Efisiensi Biaya Produksi... 30 2.6 Target Costing dan Harga Jual... 33 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN... 36 3.1 Objek Penelitian... 36 3.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 37 3.2.1 Sampel... 37 ix

3.2.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Sampel... 38 3.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel... 42 3.3.1 Target Costing... 42 3.3.2 Biaya Produksi... 43 3.3.3 Harga Jual... 44 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN... 45 4.1 Hasil Penelitian... 45 4.1.1 Bahan Baku Langsung... 46 4.1.2 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung... 49 4.1.3 Biaya Overhead Pabrik... 51 4.1.4 Biaya Non Produksi... 53 4.2 Analisis Harga Jual... 60 4.3 Analisis Penerapan Target Costing Dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Biaya Produksi... 62 4.4 Analisis Penerapan Target Costing Dalam Penetapan Harga Jual... 65 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN... 67 5.1 Simpulan... 67 5.2 Saran... 68 5.3 Keterbatasan... 69 DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 70 x

LAMPIRAN... 72 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS... 82 xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 2.1 Target Costing Model....9 Gambar 2.2 Model Penelitian.......34 xii

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1 Perbedaan penentuan harga pokok produk antara target costing dengan pendekatan tradisional... 10 Tabel 3.1 Tabel observasi... 40 Tabel 4.1 Data produksi tas... 45 Tabel 4.2 Biaya bahan baku langsung... 46 Tabel 4.3 Hasil penghitungan biaya bahan baku langsung per unit... 47 Tabel 4.4 Data biaya tenaga kerja langsung... 48 Tabel 4.5 Hasil penghitungan biaya tenaga kerja langsung per unit... 49 Tabel 4.6 Biaya overhead pabrik... 50 Tabel 4.7 Hasil penghitungan biaya overhead pabrik per unit... 51 Tabel 4.8 Biaya non produksi... 52 Tabel 4.9 Volume penjualan tas... 53 Tabel 4.10 Harga jual tas per buah... 53 xiii

Tabel 4.11 Laporan laba rugi... 54 Tabel 4.12 Hasil penghitungan biaya non produksi per unit... 57 Tabel 4.13 Hasil penghitungan biaya produksi dan non produksi per tas... 58 Tabel 4.14 Margin laba penjualan tas... 59 Tabel 4.15 Penetapan harga jual produk... 60 Tabel 4.16 Perhitungan target costing... 61 Tabel 4.17 Hasil penghitungan biaya produksi per unit berdasarkan target costing... 62 Tabel 4.18 Perbandingan biaya produksi... 63 Tabel 4.19 Perhitungan margin laba dalam penjualan tas menurut target costing... 64 xiv