Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT Quality costs are the costs that arise because there has been a bad product quality. This study aims to determine the cost of quality review of operating profit company. The cost of quality is divided into four categories prevention cost, appraisal cost, internal failure cost, and external failure cost. The data used is the cost of production and sales company. How to fix the cost of quality in order to obtain the maximum profit is to do a cost analysis kuailtas by following these steps: identify the costs, classifying costs kuaitas into four categories of quality costs, calculate the total cost of each category, and quality cost analysis report. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive method that is method which is done by collecting, classify, analize, and present data. The variable is the cost of quality as variable x and operating profit company as variable Y. research enterprise company is internal failure cost 33.39%, prevention cost 24.30%, external failure cost 21.80% and appraisal cost 20.51%. Keywords: Prevention cost, appraisal cost, internal failure cost, external failure cost, quality analysis. vii

ABSTRAK Biaya Kualitas merupakan biaya-biaya yang timbul karena telah terdapat produk yang buruk kualitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Tinjauan biaya kualitas terhadap laba operasional PT. Multi Indah Paint Factory. Biaya kualitas dibagi menjadi empat kategori adalah biaya pencegahan, biaya penilaian, biaya kegagalan internal, dan biaya kegagalan eksternal. Data yang digunakan adalah biaya produksi dan penjualan perusahaan. Cara untuk memperbaiki biaya kualitas agar dapat memperoleh laba yang maksimal adalah dengan melakukan analisis biaya kuailtas dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: mengidentifikasikan biaya-biaya, mengelompokkan biaya-biaya kuaitas kedalam empat kategori biaya kualitas, menghitung total biaya masing-masing kategori, dan membuat laporan analisis biaya kualitas. Metoda analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan, mengklasifikasikan, menganalisis, dan menyajikan data. Variabel penelitian ini adalah biaya kualitas sebagai variabel X, serta laba operasional perusahaan sebagai variabel Y. Hasil penelitian PT. Multi Indah Paint Factory adalah biaya kegagalan internal sebesar 33.39%, biaya pencegahan 24.30%, biaya kegagalan eksternal 21.80% dan biaya penilaian sebesar 20.51%. Kata-kata kunci: Biaya pencegahan, biaya penilaian, biaya kegagalan internal, biaya kegagalan eksternal, analisis biaya kualitas viii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK... viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR TABEL... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah... 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian... 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian... 4 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran... 5 1.5.1 Skema Bagan Kerangka Pemikiran... 8 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA... 9 2.1 Biaya... 9 ix

2.1.1 Pengertian Biaya... 9 2.1.2 Biaya Produksi... 10 2.1.3 Biaya Penjualan... 11 2.1.4 Klasifikasi Biaya... 12 2.1.5 Beban... 14 2.1.6 Perbedaan Biaya dan Beban... 14 2.2 Pengertian Kualitas... 15 2.2.1 Keuntungan Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk... 15 2.2.2 Aspek-Aspek Kualitas Produk... 16 2.2.3 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas... 17 2.3 Biaya Kualitas... 18 2.3.1 Pengertian Biaya Kualitas... 18 2.3.2 Elemen-Elemen Biaya Kualitas... 19 2.3.3 Pengukuran Biaya Kualitas... 21 2.4 Laba... 24 2.4.1 Pengertian Laba... 24 2.4.2 Pengertian Laba Operasional... 25 2.4.3 Tujuan perhitungan laba... 26 2.4.4 Jenis-Jenis Laba... 26 2.5 Analisis Biaya Kualitas... 27 2.5.1 Manfaat Biaya Kualitas... 27 2.5.2 Pengendalian kualitas... 29 2.5.3 Tujuan Pengendalian Kualitas... 30 2.5.4 Alat-Alat Pengendalian Biaya Kualitas... 31 x

2.5.5 Alat-Alat Untuk Menganalisis Biaya Kualitas... 33 2.5.6 Hubungan Analisis Biaya Kualitas Terhadap laba Perusahaan... 34 BAB III METODE dan Objek Penelitian... 35 3.1 Metode Penelitian... 35 3.1.1 Teknik Pengumpulan Data...35 3.1.2 Variabel Penelitian...36 3.2 Objek Penelitian... 37 3.2.2 Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan...37 3.1.2 Produktivitas Perusahaan...38 3.3 Struktur Organisasi dan Uraian Tugas... 44 3.3.1 Struktur Organisasi...44 3.3.2 Uraian Tugas...45 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN... 48 4.1 Pengendalian Kualitas pada PT. Multi Indah Paint Factory... 48 4.1.1 Kegiatan Pengendalian Kualitas... 48 4.1.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualiatas... 49 4.1.3 Jenis Kecacatan dan Penyebabnya... 52 4.1.4 Laporan Hasil Inspeksi... 53 4.2 Pengendalian Proses produksi... 53 4.2.1 Pengumpulan data...54 xi

4.2.1 Diagram sebab Akibat...57 4.3 Biaya kualitas... 58 4.3.1 Unsur-Unsur Biaya Kualitas...59 4.3.2 Penggolongan Biaya Kualitas...61 4.4 Analisis Biaya kualitas... 67 4.5 Perbaikan dan Penurunan Biaya kualitas... 72 4.6 Perilaku Biaya Perusahaan... 77 4.7 Peranan Analisis Biaya Kualitas dalam Usaha Meningkatkan Laba Operasional Perusahaan... 78 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN... 80 5.1 Kesimpulan... 80 5.2 Saran... 82 DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 85 LAMPIRAN... 87 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE)... 89 xii

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel I Produk cacat yang diproduksi dan produk cacat yang dihasilkan... 54 Tabel II Persentase permintaan terhadap total produk cat delac... 55 Tabel III Total produk dengan permintaan cat tembok delac... 55 Tabel IV Total produk dengan permintaan plamir... 56 Tabel V Total produk dengan permintaan cat genteng... 56 Tabel VI Total produk dengan produk cacat... 57 xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran A Surat Pernyataan Perusahaan... 88 Lampiran B Riwayat Hidup... 89 Halaman xiv