AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE CHOICE IN THE CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN SELLERS AND BUYERS AT GANG BARU TRADITIONAL MARKET A THESIS By : Glenda Nathania Kamsidi Student Number : 11.80.0028 English Department Faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE CHOICE IN THE CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN SELLERS AND BUYERS AT GANG BARU TRADITIONAL MARKET A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Program By : Glenda Nathania Kamsidi Student Number : 11.80.0028 English Department Faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang 2015 i
A THESIS ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE CHOICE IN THE CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN SELLERS AND BUYERS AT GANG BARU TRADITIONAL MARKET By: Glenda Nathania Kamsidi Approved by, Drs. Y.E Budiyana, MA November 6, 2015 Major Sponsor Emilia Ninik A, S.P, M.Hum November 6, 2015 Co-Sponsor ii
A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on November 6, 2015 and declared acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chairperson : Drs. Y.E Budiyana, MA... Secretary : Emilia Ninik A, S.P, M.Hum... Member : Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D... Semarang, November 6, 2015 Faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean, Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D NPP. 058.1.1996.201 iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I would like to Praise and express my great gratitude to Almighty God Jesus Christ for His infinite blessings and help to complete this thesis. On this occasion I would also like to thank those who have given me help and guidance so that this thesis can be finished. They are as follows: 1. My major sponsor, Drs. Y.E Budiyana, MA who gives me incalculable advice and support to finish this thesis. 2. My co-major sponsor, Emilia Ninik A, S.P, M.Hum who always finds time to help me and provide much guidiance for me. 3. The biggest thanks especially to my lovely mom and dad who always pray, encourage, give love and compassion, give material I need, work hard, always try to do the best, to accompany me day by day, support me all the time. 4. Novi, Dimas, Jovita, Valencia Louise, Lidya, Melody who always accompany me and always together in any conditions for four years since we are in the first semester. 5. All lectures and staff of the Faculty of Language and Arts. Thank you for the things you have done for me during the course of my study at Soegijapranata Catholic University. 6. Thanks to all my greatest friends in 2011 class that I can not mention their names one by one as well. Final words, I would like thank those who I cannot mention the names. Hopefully this thesis can be useful for us. iv
TABLE OF CONTENT Title. Acknowledgement. Table of content Abstract CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..... 1 1.1 Background of the Study.. 1 1.2 Field of the Study. 3 1.3 Scope of the Study... 3 1.4 Problem Formulation. 3 1.5 Objective of the Study.. 4 1.6 Significance of the Study.. 4 1.7 Definition of Terms 4 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE.. 6 2.1 Language Choice 6 2.1.1 Domain... 7 2.1.2 Diglossia... 11 2.2 Social factors... 12 2.2.1. The Social Distance... 13 2.2.2 The Status Scale... 13 2.2.3 The Formality Scale... 13 2.2.4 The Referential and Affective Function Scales... 14 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 15 3.1 Method of Data Collection... 16 3.2 Method of Data Analysis 19 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. 20 4.1 The language Used by the Sellers and Buyers at Gang Baru Traditional Market... 20 4.1.1 The Language used by Chinese sellers... 20 4.1.2 The language Used by Javanese Sellers... 32 4.2 The Social Factors Which Lead to The Language Choice... 40 4.2.1 The Domain... 41 4.2.2. Othet Social Factors... 47 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS.. 51 5.1 Conclusion. 54 5.2 Suggestion... 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY 56 v i iv v vi
ABSTRACT In this study, the writer has investigated the use of languages at Gang Baru, a traditional market which has special characteristics as the buyers and sellers are Chinese and Javanese. The writer recorded 16 conversations between buyers and sellers. The writer chose two chinese sellers and recorded their conversation with two chinese and two Javanese customers and the conversation between two different Javanese sellers with their two chinese and twom Javanese customers. The data show that the ethnic of the speaker influences the language choice. The sellers who are Chinese use some Chinese words, especially when they mention prices to Chinese customers but they do not use them to Javanese customers. Besides, the setting or social context of the interaction which is informal influences the language choices. It requires an informal style of speaking as it is in the traditional market. None of the speakers both buyers and sellers use formal languages. The third one is the topics being talked between the speakers and the hearers determine the language used. The Chinese sellers use Chinese language and the Javanese sellers tend to use informal Indonesian when the topic is about the prices or quantity. The sellers choose the language based on the language used by buyers (the starter). Meanwhile,the data on addressing terms show that the language choice is influenced by age and etnicity. In order to respect the customers who are at the same age or older than the sellers, the sellers call them with Bu, Pak, or Mas. Although the customers that the sellers address are chinese,they do not use any chinese address terms. vi
ABSTRAK Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan meneliti tentang penggunaan bahasa di Pasar Gang Baru. Sebuah pasar tradisional yang memiliki karakteristik khusus dimana penjual dan pembelinya terdiri dari etnis Cina dan Jawa.Penulis merekam 16 percakapan antara pembeli dan penjual Penulis memilih dua pedagang Cina dan merekam percakapan mereka dengan 2 pelanggan cina dan 2 pelanggan Jawa. Dan percakapan antara 2 pedagang Jawa dengan 2 pelanggan Cina dan 2 pelanggan Jawa mereka. Data ini juga menunjukkan bahwa etnis pembic ara mempengaruhi pemilihan bahasa. Penjual beretnis Cina menggunakan beberapa pilihan bahasa Cina, terutama ketika mereka sedang menghitung dan menyebutkan harga dalam bahasa cina denganpelanggan beretnis cina tetapi mereka tidak menggunakan bahasa Cina pada pelanggan beretnis Jawa.Selain tempat atau konteks sosial terjadinya interaksi dimana situasi yang bersifat informal mempengaruhi pemilihan bahasa.dibutuhkan gaya bahasa informal ketika berbicara seperti di pasar tradisional.yang ketiga adalah topik.topik yang sedang dibicarakan antara pembicara dan pendengar menentukan bahasa yang digunakan. Percakapan antara penjual beretnis Cina dan pembeli beretnis Cina pada adalah seputar penyebutan harga.penjual Cina menggunakan bahasa Jawa ngoko dan pembeli beretnis Cina juga akan menjawab dalam bahasa Cina.dalam menjawab pertanyaan dari pembeli, penjual akan memilih bahasa berdasarkan bahasa yang digunakan oleh pembeli ( pemula pembicaraan ). Ketika si pembeli menggunakan menggunakan bahasa Jawa ngoko dan ketika pembeli menggunakan bahasa informal indonesia, pembeli menjawab pertanyaan menggunakan bahasa informal Indonesia juga. Sementara itu, data pada cara pemanggilan menunjukan pemilihan bahasa dipengaruhi juga oleh umur dan suku etnis. vii