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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT The Implementation of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) becomes an effective way to increase national industrial production. Efficiency is the main capital for improving the competitiveness of the industry, both in the local and international markets. By implementing the Indonesian National Standard, the industry will put the best effort to optimize their capability, then the production costs can be reduced. This study aims to find out how the target costing approach can be used as a determining way of selling price and production cost efficiency. The types of data used in this study are quantitative and qualitative data. Based on the results, it indicated that selling price determination of Rp 90.000/pcs too high because the cost incurred by the company in accordance with target costing Rp 34.481/pcs. The comparison between total cost incurred and target costing method, shows that using target costing method is more efficient, by using target costing method, companies can gain direct material cost savings of USD 222/pcs and direct labor savings obtained is Rp 725/pcs and factory overhead cost savings obtained is Rp 934/pcs. Therefore, the company should use target costing method because it can help the company to meet the expected price and reduce the production cost efficiently. Keywords: target costing, sales price, production cost efficiency. vii

ABSTRAK Penerapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) menjadi langkah efektif untuk mendorong efisiensi produksi industri nasional. Efisiensi tersebut menjadi modal utama bagi peningkatan daya saing industri, baik di pasar lokal maupun internasional. Dengan diterapkannya SNI, industri akan berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk mengoptimalkan seluruh kemampuan sehingga biaya produksi bisa ditekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendekatan target costing dapat dijadikan sebagai alat penentuan harga jual dan efisiensi biaya produksi. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan harga jual perusahaan sebesar Rp 90.000/pcs terlalu tinggi karena biaya yang dikeluarkan perusahaan menurut target costing sebesar Rp 34.481/pcs. Hasil perbandingan total biaya yang dikeluarkan menurut perusahaan, dengan metode target costing, diketahui lebih efisien menggunakan metode target costing, dimana dengan menggunakan target costing perusahaan dapat memperoleh penghematan biaya bahan baku langsung sebesar Rp 222/pcs dan tenaga kerja langsung diperoleh penghematan sebesar Rp 725/pcs dan biaya overhead pabrik diperoleh penghematan sebesar Rp 934/pcs. Untuk itu sebaiknya perusahaan menerapkan target costing karena dengan menggunakan target costing dapat membantu perusahaan mewujudkan tercapainya harga jual yang diharapkan dan dapat menekan biaya produksi agar lebih efisien. Kata kunci: target costing, harga jual, efisiensi biaya produksi. viii

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA TULIS SKIPSI... iii PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN... iv KATA PENGANTAR... v ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK... viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR... xii DAFTAR TABEL...xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah... 6 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian... 6 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian... 7 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Biaya... 8 2.1.1 Pengertian Biaya... 8 2.1.2 Klasifikasi Biaya... 9 2.2 Target Costing... 9 2.2.1 Definisi Target Costing... 9 ix

2.2.2 Tujuan Target Costing...,... 10 2.2.3 Kegunaan Target Costing... 10 2.2.4 Prinsip-Prinsip Penerapan Target Costing... 11 2.2.5 Karakteristik Target Costing... 13 2.2.6 Kendala Menerapkan Target Costing... 13 2.3 Harga Jual... 14 2.3.1 Definisi Harga Jual... 14 2.3.2 Tujuan Penetapan Harga Jual... 15 2.3.3 Sasaran Penetapan harga jual... 16 2.3.4 Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Harga Jual... 18 2.3.5 Strategi Penentuan Harga Jual... 19 2.3.6 Alternatif Strategi Penetapan Harga... 21 2.4 Efisiensi Biaya Produksi... 22 2.4.1 Biaya Produksi... 22 2.4.2 Unsur-Unsur Biaya Produksi... 23 2.5 Kerangka Berpikir... 24 2.5.1 Peranan Target Costing Terhadap Harga Jual... 24 2.5.2 Peranan Target Costing Terhadap Efisiensi Biaya Produksi... 26 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Objek dan Subjek Penelitian... 29 3.2 Jenis Penelitian... 29 3.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data... 30 3.3.1 Jenis Data... 30 x

3.3.2 Sumber Data... 30 3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan data... 30 3.5 Metode Analisis Data... 31 3.5.1 Langkah-Langkah Penelitian... 33 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan... 34 4.1.1 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan... 34 4.2 Hasil Penelitian... 38 4.3 Analisis Penerapan Target Costing Dalam Rangka Menentukan Harga Jual... 42 4.4 Analisis penerapan target costing dalam efisiensi biaya produksi... 43 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan... 44 5.2 Saran... 45 DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 46 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS... 48 xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR 2.1 Kerangka Berpikir... 28 4.1 Bagan Organisasi CV. Astha Asiti... 35 xii

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 3.1 Tabel Penelitian dan Analisis Data... 33 Tabel 4.1 Data produksi baju... 38 Tabel 4.2 Hasil biaya bahan baku langsung... 38 Tabel 4.3 Hasil biaya tenaga kerja langsung... 39 Tabel 4.4 Hasil biaya overhead... 39 Tabel 4.5 Hasil perhitungan biaya produksi... 40 Tabel 4.6 Perhitungan target costing... 41 Tabel 4.7 Perhitungan laba perusahaan dalam produksi... 42 Tabel 4.8 Perbandingan biaya menurut perhitungan perusahaan dengan menggunakan target costing... 43 xiii