ABSTRAK. Kata Kunci: harga pokok produksi, full costing, variable costing

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRAK PT. Panca Mitra Sandang Indah merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang tekstil, yaitu perusahaan yang mengolah benang menjadi kain, dengan motif mencari keuntungan. Harga pokok produksi adalah semua biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk memproduksi suatu barang atau jasa. Harga pokok produksi, merupakan biaya untuk memperoleh barang jadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode perhitungan harga pokok produksi yang baik untuk diterapkan oleh PT. Panca Mitra Sandang Indah dan untuk membandingkan perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil perhitungan harga pokok produksi menggunakan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing menunjukan perbedaan dimana dengan perhitungan Full Costing menghasilkan biaya produksi yang lebih tinggi. Manajemen perusahaan diharapkan dapat beralih kepada metode Variable Costing dikarenakan selain untuk kepentingan perusahaan yaitu dalam hal pengambilan keputusan, perencanaan jangka pendek dan pengendalian organisasi, perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan metode Variable Costing menghasilkan harga pokok produksi yang lebih rendah yang menyebabkan harga jual produk lebih rendah. Metode Variable Costing juga membantu manajemen dalam perusahaan yang beroperasi bukan berdasarkan Job Order karena dalam metode Variable Costing jumlah biaya overhead pabrik tetap telah diketahui dan dianggap sebagai period cost. Kata Kunci: harga pokok produksi, full costing, variable costing vii

ABSTRACT PT. Panca Mitra Indah is a company engaged in the field of textiles, which are companies that process the yarn into cloth, with a profit oriented motive. Cost of production is all it costs to produce a product or service. The cost of production, the cost to obtain finished goods. The purpose of this study was to determine the method of calculating the cost of a good production to be applied by PT. Panca Mitra Indah Clothing and to compare calculations using the full costing method and Variable Costing. Research data analysis using descriptive analysis. Results of calculation of the cost of production method Full Costing and Variable Costing calculation shows the difference where the full costing generate higher production costs. The management company is expected to switch to Variable Costing method because in addition to the interest of the company that is in terms of decision making, short-term planning and control of the organization, the calculation of cost of production by Variable Costing method generates cost of production is lower which led to lower product selling prices. Variable Costing method also assist management in operating companies not based Job Order Costing Variable method because the number of fixed manufacturing overhead costs are known and regarded as a period cost. Keywords: cost of good sold, full costing, variable costing viii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN... ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA TULIS SKRIPSI... iii PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN iv KATA PENGANTAR... v ABSTRACT... vii ABSTRAK... viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR... xiii DAFTAR TABEL... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah... 3 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian... 4 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian... 4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN..5 2.1 Kajian pustaka. 5 2.1.1 Konsep Akuntansi Biaya...5 2.1.1.1 Peranan Akuntansi Biaya...6 2.1.2 Konsep Biaya...7 ix

2.1.2.1 Pengertian Biaya......7 2.1.2.2 Klasifikasi Biaya.....8 2.1.3 Harga Pokok Produksi......15 2.1.4 Manfaat Harga Pokok Produksi.......16 2.1.4.1 Unsur-unsur Harga Pokok Produksi..... 18 2.1.4.2 Metode Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi...19 2.1.4.3 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing...21 2.2 Penelitian Terdahulu......22 2.3 Kerangka Pemikiran...24 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.25 3.1 Objek Penelitian.....25 3.2 Jenis Penelitian...25 3.3 Definisi Operasionalisasi variabel.....25 3.3.1 Harga Pokok Produksi...25 3.3.2 Metode Full Costing...27 3.3.3 Metode Variable Costing...28 3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data........29 3.5 Metode Analisis...29 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN....31 4.1 Hasil pengamatan.....31 4.1.1 Sejarah Perusahaan.......31 4.1.2 Aktivitas Perusahaan....32 x

4.1.3 Proses Produksi Perusahaan....33 4.1.4 Struktur Organisasi......39 4.1.5 Job Description......41 4.2 Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan...43 4.2.1 Penentuan Lingkup Analisis...43 4.2.2 Biaya Bahan Baku......44 4.2.3 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung......44 4.2.4 Biaya Overhead Pabrik...45 4.2.4.1 Biaya Overhead Pabrik Tetap...45 4.2.4.2 Biaya Overhead Pabrik Variabel...48 4.2.5 Perhitungan HPP dengan Metode Full Costing...53 4.2.6 Perhitungan HPP dengan Metode Variable Costing...54 4.2.7 Pembahasan...55 4.2.7.1 Pengaruh metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing terhadap Harga Jual...59 4.2.7.2 Pengaruh metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing terhadap laporan Laba Rugi...60 4.2.7.3 Pengaruh metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing terhadap Persediaan...63 4.2.7.4 Perbandingan metode Full Costing dan metode Variable Costing...64 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.51 5.1 Simpulan.65 5.2 Saran...66 xi

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 71 RIWAYAT HIDUP (CURRICULUM VITAE)..73 xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 Gambar 2 Gambar 3 Kerangka Pemikiran........24 Proses Produksi PT Pancamitra Sandang Indah........38 Struktur Organisasi PT Panca Mitra Sandang Indah.........40 xiii

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel I Tabel II Tabel III Tabel IV Tabel V Penelitian Terdahulu...22 Biaya Tenaga Kerja Tidak Langsung........46 Data Depresiasi Mesin........47 Biaya Zat Pewarna dan Pembantu.............49 Data Biaya Perawatan dan Spare part........52 Tabel VI Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi dengan metode Full Costing.....53 Tabel VII Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi dengan metode Variable Costing.....55 Tabel VIII Selisih Antara metode Full costing dan Variable costing.....55 Tabel IX Perbandingan Harga Jual dengan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing...59 Tabel X Perbandingan Laba Rugi Penjualan dengan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing...60 Tabel XI Perbandingan Laba Rugi Penjualan dengan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing dengan harga jual yang sama...62 Tabel XII Perbandingan Persediaan dengan menggunakan metode Full Costing dan Variable Costing...63 xiv

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