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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT An increasingly competitive manufacturing industry has demanded the competitors efforts to continue to strive for the best performance results. To achieve this, the company requires a control in the control of the costs that occur in his business activities. The standard cost is a cost control solutions, especially to know the efficiency of production cost. As is known, there are various types of cost in a production process. The research will try to identify and evaluate the costs of the standards in the production process, which includes the standard cost of raw materials, standard cost of direct labor, standard cost of factory overhead. Standard cost data obtained from KPSBU in West Java which is in the form of documents and interviews related to the variables being researched. From this data, the author then calculate based on the standard cost formulas to determine and evaluate the variances. The results showed that the use of standard costs for raw materials and direct labor are efficiently, while for the cost of a standard overhead factory is still not achieve the efficiency. However, in total, KPSBU has been using its production cost efficiently. Keywords: Standard Cost, standard cost of raw materials, standard cost of direct labor, standard cost of factory overhead, the efficiency of production cost. vii

ABSTRAK Persaingan industri manufaktur yang semakin agresif telah menuntut para pelaku usahanya untuk terus berusaha menampilkan hasil kinerja yang terbaik. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, perusahaan memerlukan suatu pengendalian dalam mengendalikan biaya yang terjadi dalam kegiatan usahanya. Biaya standar merupakan suatu solusi pengendalian biaya, terutama untuk mengetahui efisiensi biaya produksi. Seperti yang diketahui, terdapat berbagai jenis biaya yang dibutuhkan di dalam suatu proses produksi. Penelitian ini akan mencoba mengidentifikasi serta mengevaluasi biaya-biaya standar di dalam proses produksi, yang meliputi biaya standar bahan baku, biaya standar tenaga kerja langsung, biaya standar overhead pabrik. Data biaya standar diperoleh dari KPSBU Jawa Barat yaitu berupa dokumen-dokumen dan hasil wawancara yang berkaitan dengan variabelvariabel yang diteliti. Dari data-data tersebut, penulis kemudian menghitung berdasarkan rumus-rumus biaya standar untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi selisihnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biaya standar bahan baku dan tenaga kerja langsung sudah efisien, sementara untuk biaya standar overhead pabrik masih belum mencapai efisiensi. Namun secara total, KPSBU telah menggunakan biaya produksinya secara efisien. Kata-kata kunci: Biaya standar, biaya standar bahan baku, biaya standar tenaga kerja langsung, biaya standar overhead pabrik, efisiensi biaya produksi. viii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL...i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI....iii KATA PENGANTAR..iv ABSTRACT vii ABSTRAK.viii DAFTAR ISI....ix DAFTAR GAMBAR.....xii DAFTAR TABEL......xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN....1 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian...1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah 4 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian...4 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian... 4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN RERANGKA PEMIKIRAN... 6 2.1 Kajian Pustaka....6 2.1.1 Pengertian Biaya.....6 2.1.2 Klasifikasi Biaya.. 7 2.1.3 Biaya Produksi... 14 2.1.4 Biaya Standar.....16 ix

2.1.4.1 Pengertian......16 2.1.4.2 Jenis-jenis Standar..... 17 2.1.4.3 Perbandingan Anggaran dengan Biaya Standar... 21 2.1.4.4 Manfaat Biaya Standar.. 22 2.1.4.5 Kelemahan Biaya Standar.......26 2.1.4.6 Penentuan Biaya Standar...27 2.1.4.7 Analisis Biaya Standar...33 2.1.5 Efisiensi Biaya Produksi.......45 2.2 Rerangka Konseptual....50 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.. 51 3.1 Metode Penelitian...51 3.2 Jenis Penelitian dan Data....52 3.3 Teknik Analisis Data....52 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DANPEMBAHASAN.....54 4.1 Hasil Penelitian..54 4.1.1 Sejarah Perusahaan.. 54 4.1.2 Struktur Organisasi.. 58 4.1.3 Jenis Bahan Baku.....63 4.1.4 Proses Produksi....64 4.2 Deskripsi Data 67 4.2.1 Data Bahan Baku....67 4.2.2 Tenaga Kerja Langsung.....67 4.2.3 Biaya Overhead... 68 4.3 Analisis dan Pembahasan...69 x

4.3.1 Penentuan Standar Bahan Baku... 69 4.3.2 Penentuan Standar Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung......70 4.3.3 Penentuan Standar Biaya Overhead Pabrik.....71 4.3.4 Standard Costing.....73 4.3.5 Analisis Selisih Biaya Standar.....74 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.....80 5.1 Simpulan...80 5.2 Saran.81 DAFTAR PUSTAKA....84 LAMPIRAN 86 xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Rerangka Konseptual 50 Gambar 4.1 Logo KPSBU Jawa Barat..55 Gambar 4.2 Struktur Organisasi KPSBU Jawa Barat.......63 Gambar 4.3 Alur Proses Produksi KPSBU Jawa Barat... 66 xii

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Produksi Susu Selama Tahun 2009 67 Tabel 4.2 Jumlah Biaya Tenaga kerja Langsung Selama Tahun 2009...68 Tabel 4.3 Jumlah Biaya Overhead Selama Tahun 2009...68 Tabel 4.4 Daftar Gaji Pokok per Bulan Tahun 2009...70 Tabel 4.5 Jumlah Biaya Overhead yang Dianggarkan Selama Tahun 2010...72 Tabel 4.6 Standar Cost Produksi Susu Untuk Tahun 2010...73 Tabel 4.7 Jumlah Standar Biaya Tenaga kerja Langsung Untuk Tahun 2010...75 xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran Surat Izin Penelitian....... 86 Lampiran A. Foto Proses Penerimaan Susu.... 87 Lampiran B. Foto Plate Heat Exchange.........87 Lampiran C. Foto Milk Can..........88 Lampiran D. Foto Dum tank.......88 Lampiran E. Foto Truk Pengangkut Susu.......89 Lampiran F. Foto Jadwal Penjemputan dan Penerimaan Susu...89 Lampiran G. Foto Tester susu untuk Uji Laboratorium.....90 Lampiran H. Foto Storage Tank. 90 xiv