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Transkripsi:

ABSTRAK Salah satu tolak ukur kemajuan perusahaan adalah tercapainya tingkat keuntungan yang optimal, besar kecilnya keuntungan tersebut berdasarkan harga jual produk. Harga jual merupakan salah satu faktor utama dalam perhitungan akuntansi untuk mencari keuntungan atau laba, karena harga jual adalah harga yang harus ditetapkan oleh perusahaan kepada konsumen agar barang yang ditawarkan laku keras sesuai dengan keinginan perusahaan. Penulisan ilmiah ini berjudul Peran Informasi Akuntansi Penuh (Full Accounting Information) Dalam Menganalisis Penentuan Harga Jual Terkait Biaya Produksi Dengan Menggunakan Cost Plus Pricing Berdasarkan Pendekatan Full Costing (Studi Kasus Pada PD Topa Sumedang). Peran informasi akuntansi penuh dalam menganalisis penentuan harga jual dengan memperhitungkan biaya produksi sebagai faktor utama dalam menentukan harga jual suatu produk sangatlah berperan dan memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi suatu usaha atau industri terutama pada PD Topa. Dalam hal ini penulis melakukan penelitian terhadap penentuan harga jual produk dengan menghitung setiap variabel biaya yang masuk dalam pengerjaan produk, dan ingin mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh biaya terhadap harga jual dengan metode cost plus pricing, dan dampaknya kepada banyaknya produk dan jasa yang dapat dibeli oleh pelanggan PD Topa. Dalam menentukan harga jual beras pada PD Topa, penulis menggunakan metode cost plus pricing dengan pendekatan full costing, dan melakukan teknik pengumpulan data melalui media wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang penulis gunakan yaitu persamaan regresi linier sederhana, pembuktian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji t dan koefisien determinasi dengan menggunakan alat bantu program SPSS 14,0 for windows. Dari persamaan regresi sederhana dapat diketahui adanya pengaruh positif biaya produksi terhadap harga jual. Artinya setiap kenaikan biaya produksi akan diikuti pula dengan kenaikan harga jual dan penurunan biaya produksi akan diikuti pula dengan penurunan harga jual. Biaya produksi dengan harga jual terdapat pengaruh sebesar 94,4 % sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain, faktor ekstern seperti elastisitas permintaan, sasaran produk dan persaingan pasar, selera konsumen, kondisi perekonomian, dan pengawasan pemerintahan. Kata-kata kunci : Informasi akuntansi penuh, harga jual, biaya produksi, cost plus pricing, full costing. vii

ABSTRACT One of growth company benchmark is reaching the optimal level of profits, the size of these benefits based on the selling price. The selling price is one major factor in accounting for gain or seeking profit, because the selling price is the price which have to be determinated by the company for in order to accordance good selling as company wishes. This Scientific writing titled The Role of Accounting Information Full (Full Accounting Information) Determination of Sale Price Within Analyzing Production Costs Related to Cost Plus Pricing using Full Costing Based Approach (A case study on PD Topa Sumedang)." The role of accounting Information on analizing determination of selling price by calculating production cost as major factor for determinating the selling price of a product is have a role in gave more benefits for a company especially PD Topa. In this case, author had a research to determinate selling price by calculating each variable cost indeed on production, and want to know how far the influence of the cost for the selling price with cost plus pricing method, and his effect to many service and product which can be purchased by PD Topa customers. In determinating the sale price of PD Topa s rice, author use cost plus pricing method with full costing approach, and perform data colletion through media interviews. Analize data technique does author use are simple linear regression equation, proving the hypothesis by using t table and coefficient of determination by using the SPSS 14.0 for windows. From the linear regression equation could show us the positive effect for the selling price. This meaning every growth of the production cost will be following by growth of selling price and vice versa. Production cost with selling price had effect as 94.4 % and the residu affected from other variable, extern factor such as demand elasticity, product accuracy and market competition, consumer s like, economical condition and government act. Keywords : Full accounting information, the selling price, production cost, cost plus pricing, full costing. viii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI...iii KATA PENGANTAR...iv ABSTRAK...vii ABSTRACK...viii DAFTAR ISI...ix DAFTAR TABEL...xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian....1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.6 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian. 7 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian. 8 1.5 Metode Penelitian...9 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, RERANGKA PEMIKIRAN, DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS 2.1 Kajian Pustaka 2.1.1 Informasi Akuntansi Penuh (Full Accounting Information)... 11 2.1.2 Pengertian Biaya (Cost).....11 2.1.3 Akuntansi Biaya Penuh...12 ix

2.1.4 Cara Penggolongan Biaya...17 2.1.5 Manfaat Informasi Akuntansi Penuh dan Informasi Biaya Penuh dalam Keputusan Penentuan Harga Jual.21 2.1.6 Tujuan Penetapan Harga Jual..23 2.1.7 Faktor-Faktor yang Perlu Dipertimbangkan dalam Penentuan Harga Jual..25 2.1.8 Rekayasa Informasi Akuntansi Penuh 27 2.1.9 Metode Penentuan Harga Jual (Normal Pricing) 39 2.1.10 Penentuan Harga Jual Berdasarkan Laba yang Ditargetkan...31 2.1.11 Cost Plus Pricing...31 2.2 Rerangka Pemikiran....35 2.3 Rerangka Teoritis 36 2.4 Hipotesis.....39 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1. Obyek Penelitian....40 3.2. Jenis Penelitian...41 3.3. Analisis Data..42 3.4. Operasional Variabel..43 3.5. Sumber Data... 44 3.6. Teknik Pengumpulan Data. 44 3.7. Teknik Pengolahan Data....47 3.8. Uji Hipotesis...48 x

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1. Sejarah Perusahaan.....51 4.2. Hasil Penelitian...56 4.2.1. Hasil Persamaan Regresi Sederhana...56 4.2.2. Koefisien Determinasi (r 2 )..58 4.2.3. Hasil Data Biaya Produksi dan Harga Jual pada PD Topa tahun 2009.59 4.3. Pembahasan 63 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Simpulan.67 5.2. Saran...68 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...70 LAMPIRAN DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE) xi

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Tabel Coefficient..56 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Model Summary.58 Tabel 4.3 Harga Jual per bulan Tahun 2009 (Beras)... 59 Tabel 4.4 Harga Jual per bulan Tahun 2009 (Dedak)..60 Tabel 4.5 Biaya Bahan Baku 60 Tabel 4.6 Biaya Tenaga Kerja..61 Tabel 4.7 Biaya Produksi.63 Tabel 4.8 Persentase Biaya Produksi Tahun 2009...66 xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Surat Keterangan Penelitian Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Regresi dan Korelasi dengan Menggunakan Program SPSS Lampiran 3. Tabel Distribusi t (t table) Lampiran 4. Surat-Surat Pencatatan Biaya PD Topa Tahun 2009 Lampiran 5. Foto Dokumentasi xiii