ABSTRACT. Key words: Differential Cost Analysis, Accept or Reject Special Order. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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Transkripsi:

ABSTRACT The accuracy of the calculation of production costs is very important because this increases the competitive power and is the basis for management considerations in decision making. In writing the thesis, entitled Differential Cost Analysis in Decision Making Accept or Reject Special Order, the research conducted on Waditra Craft in Bandung. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the differential cost analysis in making decisions to accept or reject special orders helpful for the company. The study was conducted using a case study approach and methods of descriptive analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion are conducted, it is known that by accepting a special order, the company will produce 150 pieces lute at an offer price below the normal selling price that is equal to Rp 20.000,00 per pieces lute which will provide the company s profit amounted to Rp 885.500,00. Based on the above conclusions, the authors suggested that the company received a special order to optimize profits. Key words: Differential Cost Analysis, Accept or Reject Special Order vi

ABSTRAK Keakuratan perhitungan biaya produksi sangatlah penting karena hal ini meningkatkan daya kompetitif dan merupakan dasar pertimbangan bagi manajemen dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dalam penulisan skripsi yang berjudul Analisis Biaya Diferensial dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus, penelitian diadakan pada Waditra Craft di Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah analisis biaya diferensial dalam pengambilan keputusan menerima atau menolak pesanan khusus berguna bagi perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dan metode deskriptif analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa dengan menerima pesanan khusus tersebut perusahaan akan memproduksi 150 buah kecapi dengan harga penawaran di bawah harga jual normal yaitu sebesar Rp 20.000,00 per buah kecapi yang akan memberikan laba pada perusahaan sebesar Rp 885.500,00. Berdasarkan kesimpulan diatas, maka penulis menyarankan agar perusahaan menerima pesanan khusus tersebut untuk mengoptimalkan laba perusahaan. Kata-kata kunci: Analisis Biaya Diferensial, Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus vii

DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR... iv ABSTRACT... vi ABSTRAK... vii DAFTAR ISI... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR... xi DAFTAR TABEL... xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah... 7 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian... 8 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian... 8 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Biaya Diferensial... 10 2.1.1 Pengertian Biaya Diferensial... 10 2.2 Pesanan Khusus... 16 2.3 Pengambilan Keputusan... 17 2.3.1 Pengertian Pengambilan Keputusan... 17 2.3.2 Langkah-Langkah Pengambilan Keputusan... 18 2.3.3 Manfaat Biaya Diferensial dalam Pengambilan Keputusan... 20 2.3.4 Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus... 22 2.4 Laba... 23 viii

2.4.1 Pengertian Laba... 23 2.4.2 Perhitungan Laba... 24 2.5 Pengaruh Analisis Biaya Diferensial dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus untuk Meningkatkan Laba Perusahaan... 25 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Objek Penelitian... 28 3.2 Sejarah Perusahaan... 28 3.3 Metodologi Penelitian... 32 3.3.1 Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 32 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian... 34 4.1.1 Tinjauan atas Proses Produksi di Waditra Craft... 34 4.1.2 Biaya-biaya untuk Memproduksi Kecapi... 36 4.1.3 Pengelompokkan Biaya Produksi untuk Pengambilan Keputusan... 40 4.2 Pembahasan... 42 4.2.1 Analisis Biaya Diferensial pada Waditra Craf... 42 4.2.2 Analisis Biaya Diferensial dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus terhadap Peningkatan Laba Perusahaan.. 43 4.2.3 Analisis Perhitungan Laba Diferensial yang akan Diterima Oleh Waditra Craft dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus... 44 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan... 47 5.2 Saran... 47 ix

DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 49 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS (CURRICULUM VITAE)... 51 x

DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1 Struktur Organisasi 31 xi

DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel I Tabel II Tabel III Tabel IV Data Persediaan Bahan Baku 36 Data Biaya Bahan Tidak Langsung...38 Data Biaya Produksi Tidak Langsung Rata-rata per Bulan..39 Data Biaya Produksi untuk Memproduksi 50 buah Kecapi...41 Tabel V Data Biaya Produksi untuk Memproduksi 50 buah Kecapi Yang Merupakan Biaya Diferensial..42 Tabel VI Tabel VII Data Biaya Diferensial per 1 Kecapi.43 Data Analisis Diferensial Dengan atau Tanpa Pesanan Khusus...45 xii