PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) DALAM MENANGANI PERMASALAHAN STATELESS DI MALAYSIA TAHUN 2014-2017 Disusun dan Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Strata 1 SKRIPSI OLEH : PRISTINA WIDYA 201710360311252 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2021
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KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur peneliti panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas berkat dan karunia-nya, sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Rasullah SAW. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil dari proses pembelajaran selama perkuliahan Strata Satu (S1) di program studi Hubungan Internasional. Ilmu-ilmu yang diperoleh selama perkuliahan di program studi Hubungan Internasional sangat bermanfaat hingga terciptanya skripsi yang disusun oleh peneliti ini. Skripsi ini memiliki judul yaitu Peran United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR) Dalam Menangani Permasalahan Stateless Di Malaysia Tahun 2014-2017. Selama proses penyusunan skripsi ini, tidak terlepas dari bantuan, dorongan, bimbingan, serta dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih atas bantuan dan dukungan dari pihak-pihak berikut ini: 1. Allah SWT dengan segala rahmat dan hidayah-nya, peneliti bisa menyelesaikan tugas akhir dengan baik. 2. Seluruh keluarga penulis, Ibu, Ayah, Akung, Uti, Om dan Tante yang sudah memberikan dukungan, materi dan doa tiada henti. 3. Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int. selaku dosen pembimbing utama, yang telah meluangkan waktu dan tenaga dalam memberikan bimbingan dari awal hingga selesainya skripsi ini. Serta motivasi, petunjuk dan saran yang diberikan selama proses pembuatan skripsi ini sangatlah berkesan bagi saya. viii
4. Bapak dan ibu dosen Prodi Hubungan Internasional Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, terima kasih atas ilmu dan motivasi yang diberikan selama belajar disini. 5. Teman-teman penulis, terutama Geska, Nova, Audita, Lina, Chita, Debri, dan teman-teman seperjuangan saya di Malang yang tidak dapat saya tulis satu persatu, terima kasih kalian telah menjadi tempat untuk curhat, diskusi dan menampung semua keluh kesah serta memberikan kebahagiaan selama saya kuliah di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. 6. Seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu dan terus memberikan motivasi bagi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih memiliki kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan saran atau kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak. Penulis juga mengharapkan agar skripsi ini dapat bermanfat bagi orang lain. ix
MOTTO Selalu Libatkan Tuhan Dalam Setiap Proses dan Hasilmu - Pristina Widya x
DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL...i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN... ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN... iii BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI... iv PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS... v ABSTRAK... vi ABSTRACT... vii KATA PENGANTAR... viii DAFTAR ISI... xi DAFTAR TABEL... xv DAFTAR BAGAN... xvi DAFTAR GAMBAR... xvii DAFTAR SINGKATAN... xviii BAB I... 1 PENDAHULUAN... 1 1.1 LATAR BELAKANG... 1 1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH... 5 1.3 TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PENELITIAN... 5 xi
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian... 5 1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian... 5 1.4 PENELITIAN TERDAHULU... 6 1.5 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL... 24 1.5.1 Konsep Organisasi Internasional... 24 1.5.2 Konsep Stateless... 29 1.6 METODE PENELITIAN... 32 1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian... 33 1.6.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 33 1.6.3 Teknik Analisa Data... 34 1.7 RUANG LINGKUP PENELITIAN... 34 1.8 ARGUMEN DASAR... 35 1.9 SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN... 36 BAB II... 39 GAMBARAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) DAN PERMASALAHAN STATELESS DI MALAYSIA... 39 2.1 Gambaran Umum UNHCR... 39 2.2 Eksistensi UNHCR Di Malaysia... 52 2.3 Permasalahan Stateless Di Malaysia... 61 2.4 Kebijakan Pemerintah Malaysia Terhadap Stateless... 74 xii
BAB III... 81 PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) SEBAGAI PEMBERI INFORMASI... 81 3.1 Menyediakan Data Tentang Partner UNHCR di Malaysia... 81 3.2 Melaksanakan Kampanye #Ibelong... 87 BAB IV... 108 PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) SEBAGAI PENEGAK ATURAN DAN PELAKSANA KEBIJAKAN... 108 4.1 UNHCR Sebagai Penegak Aturan... 108 4.1.1 Mendorong Pemerintah Malaysia Untuk Meratifikasi Konvensi Konvensi Statelessness... 109 4.1.2 Memberikan Bantuan Hukum... 117 4.2 UNHCR Sebagai Pelaksana Kebijakan... 122 4.2.1 Melaksanakan Proyek Pemetaan... 123 4.2.2 Memberikan Pendanaan Untuk Stateless di Malaysia... 132 BAB V... 142 PENUTUP... 142 5.1 KESIMPULAN... 142 5.2 SARAN... 143 xiii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA... 145 xiv
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian... 17 Tabel 3.1 Timeline Kerjasama UNHCR dan USCI... 96 Tabel 4.1 Jumlah stateless dan pendanaan untuk UNHCR di Malaysia... 133 xv
DAFTAR BAGAN Bagan 1.1 Posisi UNHCR dalam PBB... 42 Bagan 3.1 UNHCR sebagai pemberi informasi... 107 Bagan 4.1 UNHCR sebagai penegak aturan dan sebagai pelaksana kebijakan.. 144 xvi
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 3.1 Bring the light... 82 Gambar 3.2 Proses belajar di Ideas Academy... 84 Gambar 3.3 anak-anak stateless yang membutuhkan perwalian sementara... 86 Gambar 3.4 Konsultasi UNHCR dengan anak-anak stateless di Malaysia... 92 Gambar 3.5 Meeting UNHCR dengan USCI & DHRRA... 93 Gambar 3.6 Akun Facebook Journey To Belong... 94 Gambar 3.7 Pameran foto tentang stateless... 95 Gambar 3.8 Toolkit pembelajaran untuk anak-anak stateless... 96 Gambar 3.9 Malaysian Youth Congress on Statelessness... 98 Gambar 3.10 Dialog inklusif dengan stateless... 99 Gambar 4.1 Macam-Macam Kartu Identitas Malaysia... 120 xvii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ACTED : Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development BCAS : Borneo Child Aid Society Sabah DHRRA : Development of Human Resources for Rural Areas HAM : Hak Asasi Manusia ICRC : International Committee of the Red Cross IOM : International Organization of Migration IRO : International Refugee Organization LBB : Liga Bangsa Bangsa LSM : Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat NGO : Non Governmental Organization NRD : National Registration Department PBB : Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa RTC : Rural Transformation Centres WFP : World Food Programme WHO : World Health Organization UNDP : United Nations Development Programme xviii
UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees UNICEF : United Nations Children s Fund UN OPCAT : Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture UNRRA : United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration UKM : Universitas Nasional Malaysia USCI : University College Sedaya International USIM : Universitas Sains Islam Malaysia xix
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