LAMPIRAN 1. Perbandingan fraksi volume serat dan matriks 20% : 80% Fraksi volume serat kenaf/ E-glass 70/30 Volume cetakan, V c

Transkripsi

1 LAMPIRAN 1 60

2 LAMPIRAN 1 Perhitungan Fraksi Volume Komposit Perbandingan fraksi volume serat dan matriks 20% : 80% dengan variasi perbandingan fraksi volume serat kenaf/e-glass sebesar 70/30, 80/20 dan 90/10 adapun perhitungannya adalah sebagai berikut : Diketahui : Massa jenis serat kenaf = 1.45 gr/cm 3 Massa jenis serat E-Glass = 2.42 gr/cm 3 Massa jenis LDPE = 0.9 gr/cm 3 Dimensi cetakan : panjang ( p) lebar (l) tebal (t) = 17 cm = 2 cm = 0.4 cm Perbandingan fraksi volume serat dan matriks 20% : 80% Fraksi volume serat kenaf/ E-glass 70/30 Volume cetakan, V c = p x l x t = 17 cm x 2 cm x 0.4cm = 13.6 cm 3 Volume matriks, V m = 80 % 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V f = 20 % 100 % = 2.72 cm 3 x 13.6 cm3 x 13.6 cm3 Volume serat kenaf, V kenaf = 70 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V E Glass = 30 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Massa matriks, m m = V m x ρ m = cm 3 x 0.9 gr/cm 3 61

3 = gr Massa serat kenaf, m Kenaf = V Kenaf x ρ Kenaf = cm 3 x 1.45 gr/cm 3 = 2.76 gr Massa serat E-glass, m E glass Fraksi volume serat kenaf/ E-glass 80/20 Volume cetakan, V c = V E glass x ρ E glass = cm 3 x 2.42 gr/cm 3 = gr = p x l x t = 17 cm x 2 cm x 0.4cm = 13.6 cm 3 Volume matriks, V m = 80 % 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V f = 20 % 100 % = 2.72 cm 3 x 13.6 cm3 x 13.6 cm3 Volume serat kenaf, V kenaf = 80 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V E Glass = 20 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Massa matriks, m m Massa serat kenaf, m Kenaf Massa serat E-glass, m E glass = V m x ρ m = cm 3 x 0.9 gr/cm 3 = gr = V Kenaf x ρ Kenaf = cm 3 x 1.45 gr/cm 3 = gr = V E glass x ρ E glass = cm 3 x 2.42 gr/cm 3 = 1.31 gr 62

4 Fraksi volume serat kenaf/ E-glass 90/10 Volume cetakan, V c = p x l x t = 17 cm x 2 cm x 0.4cm = 13.6 cm 3 Volume matriks, V m = 80 % 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V f = 20 % 100 % = 2.72 cm 3 x 13.6 cm3 x 13.6 cm3 Volume serat kenaf, V kenaf = 90 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Volume serat, V E Glass = 10 % x 2.72 cm3 100 % = cm 3 Massa matriks, m m Massa serat kenaf, m Kenaf Massa serat E-glass, m E glass = V m x ρ m = cm 3 x 0.9 gr/cm 3 = gr = V Kenaf x ρ Kenaf = cm 3 x 1.45 gr/cm 3 = 3.55 gr = V E glass x ρ E glass = cm 3 x 2.42 gr/cm 3 = 0.65 gr 63

5 LAMPIRAN 2 64

6 LAMPIRAN 2 Hasil Pengujian Tarik Serat Tunggal Diameter (μm) Rata-rata Nilai Beban Kenaf Luas Area (mm2) Pembacaan (μm) (mm) (Kgf) Rata - rata Standar Deviasi Coefficient of Variation (%) Kenaf F σ Tarik (Mpa) (L) Standar ASTM (mm) Measurement travel end /ΔL (mm) ε (Tarik) Rata - rata Standar Deviasi Coefficient of Variation (%) E 65

7 LAMPIRAN 3 66

8 LAMPIRAN 3 67

9 68

10 69

11 70

12 71

13 72

14 73

15 74

16 75

17 76

18 77

19 LAMPIRAN 4 78

20 LAMPIRAN 4 Perhitungan Teoritis Rule Of Mixture (Persamaan Cox-Krenchel), dimana persamaan Cox-Krenchel berlaku untuk randomly oriented discontinuous fiber composites. Keterangan perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 70/30 Perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 70/30 Keterangan Satuan Sumber Panjang serat kenaf, L f 10 mm Pengujian Radius serat kenaf mm Pengujian Radius serat E glass mm Pengujian Radius serat hibrida mm Pengujian Tensile strength kenaf MPa Pengujian Tensile strength E glass 3450 MPa Calliester (2014) Tensile Strenght LDPE 31.4 MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas serat kenaf MPa Modulus elastisitas serat E glass MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas LDPE 282 MPa Calliester (2014) Poisson ratio LDPE 0.4 Calliester (2014) Fraksi volume serat hibrida 0.2 Fraksi volume matrik 0.8 Fiber orientation 0.2 H. Krenchel (1964) Fiber length factor Tensile strength komposit MPa Modulus elastisitas komposit MPa Regangan komposit Perhitungan kuat tarik, modulus elastisitas tarik dan regangan tarik pada perbandingan serat kenaf/e glass 70/30. Kuat tarik komposit, σ t = X1 X2 σ f Vf + σ m Vm Modulus elastisitas tarik, Et = X1 X2 Ef Vf + Em Vm Ef = (0.7 x MPa) + (0.3 x MPa) = MPa 79

21 ζ = 1 r E m 1 E f (1 v)ln( π 2 ) 4V f ζ = (1 0.4)Ln( π 1 4x0.2 ) 2 = f X1 = 1 - tanhζl 2 ζl f 2 X1 = 1 - tanh x x 10 2 = (fiber length factor) σ t = x 0.2 ((0.7 x MPa x 3450 MPa) x 0.2) + (14.5 MPa x 0.8) = (kuat tarik) Et = x 0.2 ((0.7 x MPa) + (0.3 x MPa) x 0.2) + (282 MPa x 0.8) = MPa (modulus elastitas tarik) ε t = σ t MPa = = (regangan tarik) Et MPa 80

22 Keterangan perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 80/20 Perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 80/20 Keterangan Satuan Sumber Panjang serat kenaf, L f 10 mm Pengujian Radius serat kenaf mm Pengujian Radius serat E glass mm Pengujian Radius serat hibrida mm Pengujian Tensile strength kenaf MPa Pengujian Tensile strength E glass 3450 MPa Calliester (2014) Tensile Strenght LDPE 31.4 MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas serat kenaf MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas serat E glass MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas LDPE 282 MPa Calliester (2014) Poisson ratio LDPE 0.4 Calliester (2014) Fraksi volume serat hibrida 0.2 Fraksi volume matrik 0.8 Fiber orientation 0.2 H. Krenchel (1964) Fiber length factor Tensile strength komposit MPa Modulus elastisitas komposit MPa Regangan komposit Perhitungan kuat tarik, modulus elastisitas tarik dan regangan tarik pada perbandingan serat kenaf/e glass 80/20. Kuat tarik komposit, σ t = X1 X2 σ f Vf + σ m Vm Modulus elastisitas tarik, Et = X1 X2 Ef Vf + Em Vm Ef = (0.8 x MPa) + (0.2 x MPa) = MPa 1 ζ = r E m 1 E f (1 v)ln( π 2 ) 4V f 81

23 ζ = (1 0.4)Ln( π 4x0.2 ) 1 2 = f X1 = 1 - tanhζl 2 ζl f 2 X1 = 1 - tanh x x 10 2 = (fiber length factor) σ t = x 0.2 ((0.8 x MPa x 3450 MPa) x 0.2) + (14.5 MPa x 0.8) = MPa (kuat tarik) Et = x 0.2 ((0.8 x MPa) + (0.2 x MPa) x 0.2) + (282 MPa x 0.8) = MPa (modulus elastitas tarik) ε t = σ t MPa = = (regangan tarik) Et MPa 82

24 Keterangan perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 90/10 Perbandingan Kenaf/E glass 90/10 Keterangan Satuan Sumber Panjang serat kenaf, L f 10 mm Pengujian Radius serat kenaf mm Pengujian Radius serat E glass mm Pengujian Radius serat hibrida, r mm Pengujian Tensile strength kenaf MPa Pengujian Tensile strength E glass 3450 MPa Calliester (2014) Tensile Strenght LDPE 31.4 MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas serat kenaf MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas serat E glass MPa Calliester (2014) Modulus elastisitas LDPE 282 MPa Calliester (2014) Poisson ratio LDPE 0.4 Calliester (2014) Fraksi volume serat hibrida 0.2 Fraksi volume matrik 0.8 Fiber orientation 0.2 H. Krenchel (1964) Fiber length factor Tensile strength komposit MPa Modulus elastisitas komposit MPa Regangan komposit Perhitungan kuat tarik, modulus elastisitas tarik dan regangan tarik pada perbandingan serat kenaf/e glass 80/20. Kuat tarik komposit, σ t = X1 X2 σ f Vf + σ m Vm Modulus elastisitas tarik, Et = X1 X2 Ef Vf + Em Vm Ef = (0.9 x MPa) + (0.1 x MPa) = MPa 1 ζ = r E m 1 E f (1 v)ln( π 2 ) 4V f 83

25 ζ = (1 0.4)Ln( π 1 4x0.2 ) 2 = f X1 = 1 - tanhζl 2 ζl f 2 X1 = 1 - tanh x x 10 2 = (fiber length factor) σ t = x 0.2 ((0.9 x MPa x 3450 MPa) x 0.2) + (14.5 MPa x 0.8) = MPa (kuat tarik) Et = x 0.2 ((0.9 x MPa) + (0.1 x MPa) x 0.2) + (282 MPa x 0.8) = MPa (modulus elastitas tarik) ε t = σ t MPa = = Et MPa 84

26 LAMPIRAN 5 85

27 Tabel hasil pengujian spesimen komposit LAMPIRAN 5 Fraksi Volume Matrik & Serat 80% / 20 % (mm) Kenaf-E glass 70/ Rata-rata ( x ) Standar deviasi Coefficient of Variation (%) Spesimen Lebar ratarata (mm) Tebal ratarata (mm) (L) Standar ASTM D (mm) (ΔL) Measurement travel end Nilai beban pembacaan (Kgf) Nilai beban sebenarnya (Kgf) Kenaf-E glass 80/ Rata-rata ( x ) Standar deviasi Coefficient of Variation (%) G F (N) σ (MPa) ε E (MPa) Kenaf-E glass 90/ Rata-rata ( x ) Standar deviasi Coefficient of Variation

28 LAMPIRAN 6 87

29 Data kuat tarik hasil pengujian LAMPIRAN 6 1. Perbandingan serat kenaf E glass (70/30) 88

30 89

31 90

32 91

33 92

34 93

35 94

36 2. Perbandingan Serat Kenaf - E glass 80/20 95

37 96

38 97

39 98

40 99

41 100

42 101

43 102

44 3. Perbandingan serat kenaf-e glass 90/

45 104

46 105

47 106

48 107

49 108

50 109

51 110

52 LAMPIRAN 7 111

53 112