The Different Natures of Hager s Three Daughters Characteristics and. Psychological Approach

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1 The Different Natures of Hager s Three Daughters Characteristics and Their Conflicts in Langston Hughes NOT WITHOUT LAUGHTER : A Psychological Approach A Thesis Presented as Partial fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department By: Veby Yunika Santoso ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2010

2 The Different Natures of Hager s Three Daughters Characteristics and Their Conflicts in Langston Hughes NOT WITHOUT LAUGHTER : A Psychological Approach A Thesis Presented as Partial fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department By: Veby Yunika Santoso ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2010 i

3 A THESIS ON The Different Natures of Hager s Three Daughters Characteristics and Their Conflicts in Langston Hughes NOT WITHOUT LAUGHTER : A Psychological Approach By: Veby Yunika Santoso Approved by: Dra.Ekawati. M.Dukut,M.Hum 23 June 2010 Major Sponsor G.M.Adhyanggono,SS.,MA 23 June 2010 Co-Sponsor ii

4 This thesis was defended in front of the board of Examiners on June 23 rd, 2010 and declared acceptable. BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chair Person : Ekawati M.Dukut, M.Hum.. Secretary : G.M. Adhyanggono,SS.,MA.. Member : Heny Hartono, SS.,M.Pd.. Semarang, June 23 rd, 2010 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Heny Hartono,SS.,M.Pd Dean iii

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to give my gratitude to the Almighty God, Jesus Christ, who gives blessing and guidance to finish my thesis. I would like to also say thanks to some people who have helped me in finishing this thesis: 1. My gratitude goes to Dra. Ekawati M.Dukut,M.Hum as my major sponsor who has patiently guided me and supported me with her kindness, advice and some valuable comments in finishing this thesis. 2. I also thank G.M. Adhyanggono,SS, MA as my co-sponsor who has sincerely guided and encouraged my spirit in finishing this thesis with his patience. 3. to my parents, thank you for your prayers and financial support. You are the best parents I ever had! I greatly thank you! 4. My brothers Helmy Pratama Santoso, and Deny Santoso, thanks for the attention you have given to me. 5. My Sister in Law Faith Vanessa and Aulia, and last but not least my nephew Devonne thank, you! 6. All my friends in the Faculty of Letters, thanks for your support. Finally I realize that there are still many weakness in this thesis, so all suggestions, and corrections will be gladly accepted. Best Regards, The Writer iv

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OF TITLE. i PAGE OF APPROVAL... ii BOARDS OF EXAMINERS... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v ABSTRACT. vii ABSTRAK... viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Field of the Study Scope of the Study Problem Formulation Objective of the Study Significance of the Study Definition of Terms... 7 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The Popular Sanguine The Perfect Melancholic The Strong Choleric The Peaceful Phlegmatic 21 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26 CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS The Four Basic Natures of Personality Represents by the Characters in the novel Not without Laughter.. 29 v

7 Melancholic Personality Represented by the Character of Mama Hager Sanguine Personality Represented by the Character of Harriett Choleric Personality Represented by the Character of Tempy Phlegmatic Personality Represented by the Character of Annjee Conflicts and the similarities between the Characteristics in the novel Conflict between Mama Hager and Harriett Conflict between Mama Hager and Tempy Conflict between Annjee and Harriett Conflict between Annjee and Tempy The Similarity between the Characters in the novel Similarity between Mama Hager and Annjee Similarity between Harriett and Tempy. 40 CHAPTER V.CONCLUSION 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX. 46 vi

8 ABSTRACT Not without Laughter is one of the masterpieces of Langston Hughes. It is a novel that portrays the life of Black American. Langston Hughes' first novel, Not without Laughter was published in It tells the story of Sandy Rodgers, a young boy growing up in the fictional town of Stanton, Kansas during the early part of the twentieth century. Sandy lives with his mother, Annjee, and his grandmother, who is called Aunt Hager. Annjee works as a cook and housekeeper for a wealthy white family and Aunt Hager takes in laundry. Sandy's father, Jimboy, comes and goes as he travels around looking for work. When Annjee leaves Stanton to join Jimboy in Detroit, she leaves Sandy with his grandmother. After her death, Sandy goes to live with his mother's lucky sister and her husband. Mr. Siles is a railroad mail clerk and Aunt Tempy is a social climber, and Sandy is unhappy living with them. Eventually he leaves Stanton to join his mother in Chicago. Jimboy is gone again, this time to serve in Europe during the war. Not without Laughter is a novel about the situation of African American in 1930 that describe about one big family of Mama Hager. From the beginning the writer is interested and chose this novel because it explains the differences personality of each character in the novel. Even though basically the major character of this novel is Sandy, but the writer decides to analyze the four basic natures of personality that can be seen in the character of Mama Hager, Harriett, Tempy, and Annjee. The approach used in this thesis is The Four basic Natures of Personality Approach proposed by Florence Littauer that is the Theory of Sanguine, Melancholic, Choleric and Phlegmatic. Further more, the writer used the result of the approach to analyze the characters and the conflicts happen in the novel among Mama Hager, Harriett, Tempy, and Annjee. By using the approach, it can be seen that those characters are the representation of the four basic natures personality. Finally, this thesis describes and gives evidences of how the characters in the novel represent the personality and how they overcome the conflict that exist. vii

9 ABSTRAK Not without Laughter adalah salah satu maha karya dari novelis Langston Hughes. Ini adalah sebuah novel yang memaparkan kehidupan orang kulit hitam Amerika. Novel pertama Langston Hughes yang berjudul Not Without Laughter ini pertama kali di terbitkan pada tahun 1930 an. Novel ini berkisah mengenai seorang pemuda bernama Sandy Rodgers, anak remaja laki- laki yang tumbuh di sebuah kota fiksi bernama Stanton, Kansas selama masa awal abad dua puluhan. Sandy tinggal bersama ibunya, Annjee, dan neneknya yang disebut Bibi Hager. Annjee bekerja sebagai juru masak dan penjaga rumah pada sebuah keluarga kulit putih yang kaya. Sementara Hager bekerja sebagai buruh cuci. Ayah Sandy, Jimboy, datang dan pergi karena dia berkeliling untuk mencari pekerjaan. Ketika Annjee meninggalkan Stanton untuk mengikuti Jimboy ke kota Detroit, dia meninggalkan Sandy untuk tinggal bersama neneknya. Setelah kematian Hager, Sandy tinggal bersama kakak perempuan ibunya yang kaya bersama suaminya. Tuan Siles adalah pegawai pos dan Tempy adalah pendaki social, dan Sandy tidak bahagia hidup bersama mereka. Pada akhirnya Sandy meninggalkan Stanton untuk berkumpul bersama ibunya di Chichago. Jimboy pergi lagi, kali ini untuk mengikuti perang di Eropa. Not without Laughter adalah sebuah novel indah mengenai kehidupan orang Afrika yang ada di Amerika di tahun 1930 an yang di gambarkan melalui kehidupan keluarga besar Mama Hager. Sejak awal mula penulis tertarik dan memilih novel ini untuk di analisa karena novel ini menggambarkan perbedaan kepribadian dari masing- masing tokoh yang ada di novel. Meskipun pada dasarnya tokoh utama novel ini adalah sandy, tetapi penulis memutuskan untuk menganalisa keempat dasar kepribadian manusia yang terlihat pada tokoh Mama Hager, Harriett, Tempy dan Annjee. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada thesis ini adalah Empat Kepribadian dasar manusia yang di kemukakan oleh Florence Littauer yaitu mengenai teori kepribadian Sanguin, Melankolis, Kolerik, dan Phlegmatik. Lebih lanjut penulis menggunakan hasil dari pendekatan tersebut untuk menganalisa tokoh tokoh dan konflik konflik yang terjadi di novel antara Mama Hager, Harriett, Tempy dan Annjee. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tersebut, dapat dilihat bahwa tokoh tokoh tersebut adalah perwakilan dari ke empat kepribadian dasar manusia. Pada akhirnya, thesis ini mengemukakan dan memberikan bukti bukti bagamana para tokoh tersebut mewakili kepribadian manusia dan bagaimana mereka mengatasi konflik yang timbul. viii