DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Brock, T.D Thermophiles: General, Molecular and Applied Microbiology. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hlm

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Afriani, A Isolasi Bakteri dan Uji Aktivitas Protease Termofilik Kasar dari Sumber Air Panas Desa Penen, Sibiru-Biru, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Medan: USU. Aiba, S., Sashiwa, H., Yamano, N. & Ishikawa, K Production of N-acetyl-Dglukosamin from Chitin Using Crude Enzyme derived from Trichoderma viride and Aeromyces hydrophilla H2330. Jepang: AIST. Annamalai, N., Giji, S., Arumugam, M. & Balasubramanian, T Purification and characterization of chitinase from Micrococcus sp. AG84 isolated from marine environment. Afr. J. Microbiol. Research. 4 (24): Bhattacharya, D., Nagpure, A. & Gupta, R. K Bacterial chitinases: properties and potential. Critic. Rev. Biotechnol. 27 (1): Bintang, M Teknik Penelitian Biokimia. Jakarta: Erlangga Blumenthal, H. J. & Roseman, S Quantitative estimation of chitin in fungi. J. Bacteriol. 74 (2): Bradford, M.M A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: Brock, T.D Thermophiles: General, Molecular and Applied Microbiology. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hlm Bushan, B Production and characterization of a thermostable chitinase from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. BG 11. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88 (5): Capuccino, J.G. & Sherman, N Microbiology a Laboratory Manual. 4 th Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Hlm edition. Chasanah, E., Witarto, A. B., Purwiyatno, H., Jae, H. & Suhartono, M. T Biochemical characteristics of chitosanase from the IndonesianBacillus licheniformis MB-2. Mol. Biotechnol. 33 (2): Dahiya, N., Tewari, R., Tiwari, P. & Hoondal, G. S Production of an antifungal chitinase from Enterobacter sp. NRG4 and its application in protoplast production. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: Dai, D. Hu, W. Huang, G. & Li, W Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular chitinase from thermophilic Bacillus sp. Hu1. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10 (13):

2 Dewi, I, M Isolasi Bakteri dan Uji Aktivitas Termofilik Kasar dari Sumber Air Panas Tinggi Raja, Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Tesis. Medan: FMIPA USU. Dewi, R. R Pengendalian Saprolegnia Sp. Pada Telur Gurami (Osphronemus Gouramy) Menggunakan Isolat Bakteri Kitinolitik. Tesis. Medan: FMIPA USU. Downing, K. J., Lelie, G. & Thomson, J. A Biocontrol of the sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina by expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and Serratia marcescens chia genes in sugarcane-associated bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (7): Flach, J., Pilet, P. E. & Jolles, P What s New In Chitinase Research? Experientia. 48 (5): Fleuri, L. F., Kawaguti, Y. H. & Sato, H. H Production, purification and application of extracellular chitinase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans 191. Braz. J. Microbiol. 40: (3) Fresht, A Enzyme Structure and Metabolism. Sanfransisco: Freeman. Gooday, G. W Physiology of Microbial degradation of Chitin and Chitosan. Biodegradation. 1 (2-3): Hamid, R., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M. M., Abidin, M. Z. & Javed, S Purification and characterization of thermostable chitinase from a novel S. maltophilia strain. Malaysian J. Microbiol. 9(1): 7-12 Harini, N. & Martiningrum, C.T Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinase Hasil Isolasi dari Kultur Murni bakteri Vibrio fluvalis. Tropika. 14 (1): Harman, G. E., Hayes, C. K., Lorito, M., Broadway, R. M., Pietro, A., Peterbauer, C. & Tronsmo, A Chytinolytic enzymes of Trichoderma harzianum: purification of chitobiosidase & endochitinase. Phytopathol. 83 (3): Harper, H. A., Rodwel, V. W. & Mayer, P. A Review Of Physiological Chemistry. California: Lange Medical Publication. Herdyastuti, N., Raharjo, J. T., Mudasir. & Matsjeh, S Chitinase and chitinolityc microorganism: isolation, characterization and potential. Indo. J. Chem. 9 (1): Hirano, S Chitin biotechnology applications. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 2: Jamilah, I Penapisan Bacillus dan Karakterisasi Protease dan Amilase Ekstraseluler Yang Dihasilkan Untuk Degradasi Sisa Pakan Pada Budi Daya Udang. Disertasi. Bogor: IPB.

3 Khiyami, M. & Masmali, I Characteristics of thermostable chitinase enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from red palm weavil gut. Austral. J. of Basic and Appl. Sci. 2 (4): Kobayashi, S., Kiyosada, T. & Shoda, S A Novel Method for Synthesis Chitobiose Via Enzymatic Glycosylation Using Sugar Oxazoline As Glycosyl Donor. Tetrahedron Let. 38 (12): Kristanti, N. D Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Lipase Ekstraseluler dari Kapang R. oryzae TR 32. Tesis. Bogor: IPB. Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M. & Parker, J Biology of Microorganisms. 12th ed. New York: Prentice Hall International. Marchesi, J. R., Sato. T., Weightman, A. J., Martin, T. A., Fry, J. C., Hiom, S. J., Dymok, D. & Wade, W. G Design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific PCR primers that amplify genes coding for bacteria 16S rrna. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (2): Muharni Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri penghasil kitinase dari sumber air panas danau ranau sumatera selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Sains. 10: 6-9. Muzzarelli, R. A. A Native Industrial and Fossil Chitin. In: Chitin and Chitinases. Eds. Jolles, P., & Muzzarelli, R. A. A. Bassel: Birkhauser. Hlm Nam-Soo, K & Kim, S Some moleculer characteristic and improving methods for thermal stability of enzyme. Kor. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19: Natsir, H., Patong, A. R.., Suhartono, M. T., & Ahmad, A Production and characterization of chitinase enzymes from sulili hot spring in South Sulawesi, Bacillus sp. Hsa,3-1. Indo. J.Chem. 10 (2): Nawani, N. N. & Kapadnis, B. P One-step purification of chitinase from Serratia marcescens NK1, a soil isolate. J. Appl. Microbiol. 90 (5): Nugroho, A. J Isolasi, Seleksi Aktinomisetes Kitinolitik dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinase. Tesis. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. Park, S. H., Jung, H. L. & Hong, K. M Purification and characterization of chitinase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. 98CJ J. Microbiol. 38 (4): Patil, R. S., Ghormade, V. & Despande, M. V Chytinolytic enzymes: an exploration. Enzymes and Microbiol. Technol. 26: Purwani, E. Y Karakterisasi Kitinase Termostabil Bacillus sp Tesis. Bogor: IPB. Purwani, E. Y., Toharisman, A., Chasanah, E., Laksmi, J. F., Welan, V., Suhartono, M. T., Purwadaria, T., Hwang, J. K. & Pyun, Y. R Studi pendahuluan enzim kitinase

4 ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan oleh isolat bakteri asal manado. J. Teknol. Industri Pangan. 8 (9). Rahayu, S., Tanuwidjaja, F. Rukayadi, Y. Suwanto, A., Thenawidjaja, S. M. Jae, K. H. & Yu, R. P. (2004). Study of thermostable chitinase enzymes from Indonesian Bacillus K J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14 (4): Rattanakit, N. Plikomol, A. Yano, S. Wakayama, M. & Tachiki, T Utilization of srim shelfish. Waste a substrate for solid-state cultivation of a culture based on chitinase formation which is necessary for chitin assimilation. J. Biosci. Bioengineer. 93 (6): Rudiana A Karakterisasi dan Amobilisasi Protease Mikroorganisme Termofilik Isolat CG-10 Yang Hidup Di Sumber Air Panas Cagar, Jawa Timur Dengan Matriks Pendukung. Disertasi. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga. Rudiger, A Enzyme From Extremtermophilic and Hypertermophilic Archea and Bacteria. VCH Verllagsgesellschraf mbh Sahai, A. S. & Manocha, M. S Chitinases of fungi and plants: their involvement in morphogenesis and host parasite interaction. Microbiol. Rev. 11 (4): Shaikh, S. A. & Deshpande, M. V Chitinolytic enzymes: their contribution to basic and applied research. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 9: Sianturi, D. C Isolasi Bakteri Dan Uji Aktivitas Amilase Termofil Kasar Dari Sumber Air Panas Penen Sibiru-Biru Sumatera Utara. Tesis. Medan: USU. Soeka, Y. S. & Sulistiani Seleksi, karakterisasi dan identifikasi bakteri penghasil kitinase yang diisolasi dari Gunung Bromo Jawa Timur. Jurnal Natur Indonesia. 13 (2): Spindler, K. D Chitinase and Chitosanase Assays. In : Muzarelli, R. A. A., & Peter, M. G (Edt) Chitin Handbook. Alda Tecnografica. Hlm Suryanto, D., Munir, E. & Yurnaliza Keragaman Genetik Gen Penyandi Kitinase Pada Berbagai Jenis Bakteri dan Pemanfaatannya. Laporan Hasil Penelitian Hibah Bersaing Tahun Anggaran Suryanto, D. & Munir, E Potensi Isolat Bakteri Kitinolitik Lokal untuk Pengendalian Hayati Jamur. Prosiding Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian. Medan: FMIPA USU. Hlm Suryanto D, Patonah S, Munir E Control Of Fusarium Wilt Of Chili With Chitinolytic Bacteria. Hayati J. Biosci. 17 (1): 5-8. Susi Isolasi Kitinase dari Scleroderma columnae dan Trichoderma harzianum, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar. 3 (1): Suslow, T. V. & Jones, J Chitinase-Producing Bacteria. US Patent. N

5 Terayama, H. Takahashi, S. & Kuzuhura, H Large-scale preparation of N, N- diacetylchitobiose by enzymic degradation of chitin and its chemical modification. J. Carbohydr. Chem. 12 (1): Tronsmo, A. & Harman, G. E Detection & Quantification of N-acetyl-Beta-D- Glucosamidase, Chitobiosidase & Endochitinase in Solutions & on Gels. Anal. Biochem. 208 (1): Tsujibo, I. I., Orikoshi, I. I., Tanno, H., Fujimoto, K., Miyamoto, I. L., Imada, C., Okami, Y. & Y, Inamod Cloning, sequence and expression of a chitinase gene from a marine bacterium, Alteromonas sp. Strain O-7. J. Bacteriol. 175 (1): Toharisman, A Purification and Characterization of Thermostable Chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis Mb-2. School of Graduate Program. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University. Ueda, M., Yukiko, J., Aji, S., Masami, N. & Kazutaka, M Purification and characterization of chitinase b from moderately thermophilic bacterium Ralstonia sp. A-471. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69 (42): Webb, E. C. & Dixon, M Enzymes. New York: Academia Press. Widhyastuti Purifikasi N-Asetil-D-Glukosamina Hasil Sintesa Secara Enzimatis untuk Bahan Obat dan Pangan Fungsional. Laporan Akhir Program Insentif Peneliti dan Perekayasa LIPI tahun Jakarta: LIPI Winarno, F. G Enzim Pangan. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. Yani, A. P Identifikasi jenis-jenis mikroalga di sumber air panas sungai air putih zona penyanggah taman nasional kerinci seblat di kecamatan lebong utara propinsi bengkulu. Jurnal Penelitian UNIB. 9 (1): Zubaidah, S Bakteri: Kajian Tentang Beberapa Aspek Biologis. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.

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