IKI20210 Pengantar Organisasi Komputer Kuliah no. 1a: Pendahuluan

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1 IKI20210 Pengantar Organisasi Komputer Kuliah no. 1a: Pendahuluan diadaptasikan dari materi kuliah CS61C/2000 & CS152/ /1997 UCB 4 September 2002 Bobby Nazief (nazief@cs.ui.ac.id) Johny Moningka (moningka@cs.ui.ac.id) bahan kuliah: 1 IKI20210 Pengantar Organisasi Komputer Mata kuliah ini mengajarkan dasar-dasar organisasi komputer sekuensial, yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen: input, output, memori, dan prosesor (kontrol dan datapath), melalui pemrograman dengan bahasa assembly. Prasyarat: Pengantar Sistem Digital Konsep Pemrograman I Bobot: 3 SKS Buku Acuan: V. Carl Hamacher, dkk. Computer Organization. Edisi ke-4. McGraw-Hill, FASILKOM UI - IKI

2 Administrasi Perkuliahan Penilaian: Tugas: 30% (5 tugas pemrograman + PR) UTS: 30% UAS: 40% Ujian: UTS: 28 Okt - 8 Nov 2002 UAS: Jan 2003 Libur: Lebaran: 2-13 Des 2002 Natal: Des Outline Materi Kuliah Pendahuluan; AT90S Bahasa Rakitan (1) 03. Bahasa Rakitan (2) 04. Bahasa Rakitan (3) 05. Prosesor (1) 06. Prosesor (2) 07. Memori (1) 08. Memori (2) 09. I/O 10. Aritmatika (1) 11. Aritmatika (2) 12. Peripheral 13. Pipeline 14. Dukungan HLL/OS 15. Reserve Tugas Pemrograman #1: Register Transfer #2: String #3: I/O (tanpa Interupsi) #4: Aritmatika & Logika #5: Interupsi 4 FASILKOM UI - IKI

3 Organisasi Sistem Komputer 5 Organisasi Sistem Komputer Application (Netscape) Software Hardware Operating Compiler Assembler System (Windows 98) Processor Memory I/O system Datapath & Control Instruction Set Architecture Digital Design Circuit Design transistors Koordinasi dari berbagai tingkat abstraksi 6 FASILKOM UI - IKI

4 Tingkat-tingkat Representasi High Level Language Program (e.g., C) Compiler Assembly Language Program (e.g.,avr) Assembler temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; ldi r1, 0x12 ldi r2, 0x34 add r1, r2 st Y+, r1 Machine Language Program (AVR) Machine Interpretation Control Signal Specification 7 5 Komponen Komputer Computer Processor (active) Control ( brain ) Datapath ( brawn ) Memory (passive) (where programs, data live when running) Devices Input Output Keyboard, Mouse Disk (where programs, data live when not running) Display, Printer 8 FASILKOM UI - IKI

5 Contoh: Komputer Berbasis Pentium Processor/Memory Bus PCI Bus I/O Busses 9 Contoh: Komputer Berbasis SPARCstation20 TI SuperSPARC tm TMS390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20 SuperSPARC MBus Module Floating-point Unit Integer Unit L2 $ CC MBus DRAM Controller Inst Cache Ref MMU Bus Interface Data Cache Store Buffer L64852 SBus SBus DMA SBus Cards MBus control M-S Adapter SCSI Ethernet STDIO serial kbd mouse audio RTC Boot PROM Floppy 10 FASILKOM UI - IKI

6 Contoh: Microcontroller AT90S Interkoneksi Antar-Komponen Proc Caches Busses Memory adapters I/O Devices: Controllers Disks Displays Keyboards Networks Semua komponen memiliki organisasi & antar-muka 12 FASILKOM UI - IKI

7 Tren Teknologi 13 Tren Teknologi: Kapasitas Mikroprosesor Moore s Law i80486 i80386 i80286 Pentium i i8080 i Year Alpha 21264: 15 million Pentium Pro: 5.5 million PowerPC 620: 6.9 million Alpha 21164: 9.3 million Sparc Ultra: 5.2 million 2X transistors/chip Every 1.5 years Called Moore s Law 14 FASILKOM UI - IKI

8 Tren Teknologi: Kinerja Prosesor X/yr HP DEC Sun MIPS MIPS IBM AXP/ 9000/ -4/ M M/ RS/ DEC Alpha 21264/600 DEC Alpha 5/500 DEC Alpha 5/300 DEC Alpha 4/266 IBM POWER 100 Processor performance increase/year, mistakenly referred to as Moore s Law (transistors/chip) 15 Tren Teknologi: Kapasitas Memori (1 Chip DRAM) size year size(megabit) Year Now 1.4X/yr, or doubling every 2 years 4000X since FASILKOM UI - IKI

9 Teknologi Komputer => Perubahan Dramatis Prosessor 2X in speed every 1.5 years 100X performance in last decade Memori Disk DRAM capacity: 2x / 2 years Memory speed: about 10% per year Cost per bit: improves about 25% per year 64X size in last decade capacity: > 2X in size every 1.0 years Cost per bit: improves about 100% per year 120X size in last decade 17 Penutup 18 FASILKOM UI - IKI

10 IKI20210: Cara Pandang Pemrogram Machine structures from a programmer's view What the programmer writes How it is converted to something the computer understands How the computer interprets the program What makes programs go slow 19 FASILKOM UI - IKI