Basis Data I. Pertemuan Ke-10 (SQL Part 1) Noor Ifada.

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1 Basis Data I Pertemuan Ke-10 (SQL Part 1) Noor Ifada noor.ifada@if.trunojoyo.ac.id 1

2 Sub Pokok Bahasan Structured Query Language (SQL) Tipe Data Basisdata Tennis: CDM dan PDM Constraint Contoh Data Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Manipulation Language (DML) 2

3 Structured Query Language (SQL) Bahasa standar yang digunakan untuk memanipulasi basisdata relasional Terdiri dari: Data Definition Language (DDL): CREATE tables, indexes, views, Establish primary/foreign keys, DROP / ALTER tables... Data Manipulation Language (DML): INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE, SELECT... Data Control Language (DCL): COMMIT / ROLLBACK work, GRANT / REVOKE... 3

4 Tipe Data Tipe Data NUMERIK Tipe Data STRING Tipe Data DATE & TIME 4

5 Tipe Data: Numerik BIT A bit-field, from 1 to 64 bits wide. (Prior to MySQL 5 BIT was functionally equivalent to TINYINT) BIGINT Integer value, supports numbers from to (or 0 to if UNSIGNED) BOOLEAN (or BOOL) Boolean flag, either 0 or 1, used primarily for on/off flags DECIMAL (or DEC) Floating point values with varying levels of precision DOUBLE Double-precision floating point values FLOAT Single-precision floating point values 5

6 Tipe Data: Numerik (contd-2) INT (or INTEGER) Integer value, supports numbers from to (or 0 to if UNSIGNED) MEDIUMINT Integer value, supports numbers from to (or 0 to if UNSIGNED) REAL 4-byte floating point values SMALLINT Integer value, supports numbers from to (or 0 to if UNSIGNED) TINYINT Integer value, supports numbers from -128 to 127 (or 0 to 255 if UNSIGNED) 6

7 Tipe Data: String CHAR Fixed-length string from 1 to 255 chars long. Its size must be specified at create time, or MySQL assumes CHAR(1) ENUM Accepts one of a predefined set of up to 64K strings LONGTEXT Same as TEXT, but with a maximum size of 4GB MEDIUMTEXT Same as TEXT, but with a maximum size of 16K SET Accepts zero or more of a predefined set of up to 64 strings 7

8 Tipe Data: String (contd-2) TEXT Variable-length text with a maximum size of 64K TINYTEXT Same as TEXT, but with a maximum size of 255 bytes VARCHAR Same as CHAR, but stores just the text. The size is a maximum, not a minimum BLOB Blob with a maximum length of 64K MEDIUMBLOB Blob with a maximum length of 16MB LONGBLOB Blob with a maximum length of 4GB TINYBLOB Blob with a maximum length of 255 bytes 8

9 Tipe Data: Date and Time DATE Date from to in the format YYYY-MM-DD TIME Time in the format HH:MM:SS YEAR A 2 or 4 digit year, 2 digit years support a range of 70 (1970) to 69 (2069), 4 digit years support a range of 1901 to 2155 DATETIME A combination of DATE and TIME TIMESTAMP Functionally equivalent to DATETIME (but with a smaller range) 9

10 Contoh: CDM untuk Basisdata Tennis 10

11 Contoh: PDM untuk Basisdata Tennis 11

12 Contoh: Constraints dlm Basisdata Tennis Column value constraints: PLAYER(SEX) IN {'M','F'} MATCHES(WON) IN {0,1,2,3} MATCHES(WON) IN {0,1,2,3} COMMITTEE_MEMBERS(POSITION) IN {'Chairman', 'Secretary', 'Treasurer', 'General member'} PLAYERS (JOINED) >= 1970 PENALTIES (PAYMENT_DATE) >= ' ' PENALTIES (AMOUNT) > 0.00 COMMITTEE_MEMBERS (BEGIN_DATE) > ' ' Row level constraints: PLAYERS: YEAR (BIRTH_DATE) <= JOINED COMMITTEE_MEMBERS: END_DATE >= BEGIN_DATE 12

13 Contoh: Data dlm Basisdata Tennis Players S1 Teknik Informatika - Unijoyo 13

14 Contoh: Data dlm Basisdata Tennis (contd-2) Teams Matches Penalties S1 Teknik Informatika - Unijoyo 14

15 Contoh: Data dlm Basisdata Tennis (contd-3) Committee_members S1 Teknik Informatika - Unijoyo 15

16 Data Definition Language (DDL) CREATE/DROP basisdata CREATE tabel DROP tabel RENAME tabel ALTER tabel 16

17 DDL: Create/Drop (Basisdata) CREATE DATABASE db_name Contoh 1: Buatlah basisdata baru dengan nama tennis CREATE DATABASE tennis DROP DATABASE db_name Contoh 2: Drop basisdata tennis dari sistem DROP DATABASE tennis 17

18 DDL: Create/Drop/Rename (Tabel) CREATE TABLE tbl_name (column_name data_type [DEFAULT [column _constraint], [table_constraint] ); expr] DROP TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] Contoh 3: Drop seluruh tabel dalam basisdata tennis! DROP TABLE COMMITTEE_MEMBERS; DROP TABLE PENALTIES; DROP TABLE MATCHES; DROP TABLE TEAMS; DROP TABLE PLAYERS; RENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tbl_name [, tbl_name2 TO new_tbl_name2]... Contoh 4: Gantilah nama tabel Teams menjadi Groups! RENAME TABLE Teams TO Groups 18

19 DDL: Create (Tabel) Contoh 5: Buat tabel Players! SQL: CREATE TABLE PLAYERS (PLAYERNO SMALLINT NOT NULL, NAME CHAR(15) NOT NULL, INITIALS CHAR(3) NOT NULL, BIRTH_DATE DATE, SEX CHAR(1) NOT NULL, JOINED SMALLINT NOT NULL, STREET CHAR(15) NOT NULL, HOUSENO CHAR(4), POSTCODE CHAR(6), TOWN CHAR(10) NOT NULL, PHONENO CHAR(10), LEAGUENO CHAR(4), PRIMARY KEY (PLAYERNO) ); Contoh 6: Buat tabel Committee_Members! SQL: CREATE TABLE COMMITTEE_MEMBERS (PLAYERNO SMALLINT NOT NULL, BEGIN_DATE DATE NOT NULL, END_DATE DATE, POSITION CHAR(20), PRIMARY KEY (PLAYERNO, BEGIN_DATE) ); 19

20 DDL: Create (Tabel) (contd-2) Contoh 7: Buat tabel Players! CREATE TABLE PLAYERS (PLAYERNO SMALLINT NOT NULL, NAME CHAR(15) NOT NULL, INITIALS CHAR(3) NOT NULL, BIRTH_DATE DATE, SEX CHAR(1) NOT NULL, JOINED SMALLINT NOT NULL, STREET CHAR(15) NOT NULL, HOUSENO CHAR(4), POSTCODE CHAR(6), TOWN CHAR(10) NOT NULL, PHONENO CHAR(10), LEAGUENO CHAR(4), PRIMARY KEY (PLAYERNO), CHECK (PLAYERNO >= 1), CHECK (SEX IN ('M', 'F')), CHECK (JOINED >= 1970), CHECK (YEAR(BIRTH_DATE)<= JOINED) ); Contoh 8: Buat tabel Committee_Members! SQL: CREATE TABLE COMMITTEE_MEMBERS (PLAYERNO SMALLINT NOT NULL, BEGIN_DATE DATE NOT NULL, END_DATE DATE, POSITION CHAR(20), PRIMARY KEY (PLAYERNO, BEGIN_DATE), FOREIGN KEY (PLAYERNO) REFERENCES PLAYERS (PLAYERNO), CHECK (POSITION IN ('Chairman', 'Secretary','Treasurer', 'General member')), CHECK (BEGIN_DATE >= ' '), CHECK (END_DATE >= BEGIN_DATE) ); 20

21 DDL: Alter (Tabel) ALTER TABLE tbl_name alter_specification [, alter_specification]... alter_specification: ADD CHANGE & MODIFY DROP RENAME 21

22 DDL: Alter (Tabel) - Add ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST AFTER col_name ] ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...) Contoh 9: Tambahkan satu kolom bernama TYPE di dalam tabel TEAMS. Kolom TYPE ini untuk memberikan identifikasi tim Pria dan Wanita! SQL: ALTER TABLE TEAMS ADD COLUMN TYPE CHAR (1); Contoh 10: Dengan adanya kolom TYPE, maka (misalkan) tim 2 sebagai tim Pria harus di-update. SQL: UPDATE TEAMS SET TYPE = 'M' WHERE TEAMNO = 2; 22

23 DDL: Alter (Tabel) Change & Modify CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition [FIRST AFTER col_name] MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST AFTER col_name] Contoh 11: Tambahkan panjang karakter kolom TOWN dari 10 menjadi 20! ALTER TABLE PLAYERS MODIFY COLUMN TOWN CHAR (20); 23

24 DDL: Alter (Tabel) Drop & Rename DROP [COLUMN] col_name DROP PRIMARY KEY DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol Contoh 12: Hapuskan kolom TYPE dari tabel TEAMS! SQL: ALTER TABLE TEAMS DROP COLUMN TYPE RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name Contoh 13: Ubah nama tabel Teams menjadi Groups! SQL : ALTER TABLE Teams RENAME Groups 24

25 Data Manipulation Language (DML) INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE, SELECT Klausa-klausa SELECT: FROM --> menentukan tabel(-tabel) sumber WHERE --> memilih baris(-baris) yang memenuhi kondisi (-kondisi) GROUP BY --> menggabungkan baris(-baris) yang kolomnya memiliki nilai yang sama HAVING --> memilih grup yang memenuhi kondisi tertentu SELECT --> memilih kolom(-kolom) ORDER BY --> mengurutkan barisbaris berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam kolom(-kolom) 25

26 DML: Klausa Select Contoh 14: Tampilkan seluruh data penalti. SQL: SELECT * FROM Penalties Hasil: PAYMENTNO PLAYERNO PAYMENT_DATE AMOUNT Contoh 15: Tampilkan nomor pembayaran, nomor pemain dan jumlah dari masing-masing penalti SQL: SELECT paymentno, playerno, amount FROM Penalties Hasil: PAYMENTNO PLAYERNO AMOUNT

27 DML: Klausa Where Contoh 16: Dapatkan nomor, nama, jenis kelamin dan tanggal lahir dari masing-masing pemain pria yang lahir setelah tahun SELECT FROM WHERE playerno, name, sex, birth_date Players sex = M AND Year(birth_date) > 1970 Contoh 17: Dapatkan nomor pemain yang pernah terkena penalti lebih besar dari 25! SELECT playerno FROM Penalties WHERE amount > 25 27

28 DML: Klausa Order By Contoh 18: Buat daftar nomor pembayaran dan nomor pemain untuk masingmasing penalti; urutkan hasil berdasarkan nomor pemain dan nomor pembayaran untuk masing-masing pemain. SQL: SELECT paymentno, playerno FROM Penalties ORDER BY playerno, paymentno atau: ORDER BY 2, 1 Hasil: PAYMENTNO PLAYERNO

29 DML: Klausa Select (lengkap) Contoh 19: Cari nomor dari masing-masing pemain yang telah melakukan lebih dari 1 penalti yang besarnya lebih dari 25. SQL: SELECT playerno FROM Penalties WHERE amount > 25 GROUP BY playerno HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 ORDER BY playerno 29

30 DML: Klausa Select (lebih dari 1 tabel) Contoh 20: Tampilkan nomor tim dan nama kapten dari masing-masing tim SQL: SELECT TEAMNO, NAME FROM TEAMS, PLAYERS WHERE TEAMS.PLAYERNO = PLAYERS.PLAYERNO 30

31 DML: Klausa Select (lebih dari 1 tabel) (contd-2) Contoh 21: Dari data penalti, tampilkan nomor pembayaran, jumlah penalti, nomor pemain dan nama serta inisial pemain tersebut! SQL: SELECT PAYMENTNO, PENALTIES.PLAYERNO, AMOUNT, NAME, INITIALS FROM PENALTIES, PLAYERS WHERE PENALTIES.PLAYERNO = PLAYERS.PLAYERNO Contoh 22: Cari nama dan inisial pemain yang telah bermain di dalam pertandingan! SQL: SELECT DISTINCT P.NAME, P.INITIALS FROM PLAYERS AS P, MATCHES AS M WHERE P.PLAYERNO = M.PLAYERNO 31

32 INSERT INTO <table specification> [<column list>] VALUES (<expression> [{,<expression>}... ]) Contoh 23: Sebuah tim baru dengan pemain nomor 100 sebagai kaptennya telah bergabung di dalam liga. Tim ketiga ini akan bermain di dalam divisi ketiga. SQL: INSERT INTO TEAMS (TEAMNO, PLAYERNO, DIVISION) VALUES (3,100,'third') atau: DML: Insert data ke dalam Tabel INSERT INTO TEAMS VALUES (3,100,'third') 32

33 DML: Update data dalam Tabel UPDATE <table specification> SET <column name = expression> [ WHERE <condition> ] Contoh 24: Keluarga Parmenter telah pindah rumah. Sekarang mereka tinggal di Palmer Street nomor 83, kota Inglewood, kode pos 1234UU. Nomor telepon mereka yang baru belum diketahui. SQL: UPDATE PLAYERS SET STREET = 'Palmer Street', HOUSENO = '83', TOWN = 'Inglewood', POSTCODE = '1234UU', PHONENO = NULL WHERE NAME = 'Parmenter' Contoh 25: Naikkan jumlah penalti sebanyak 5%! SQL: UPDATE PENALTIES SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT *

34 DML: Delete data dalam Tabel DELETE FROM <table specification> [ WHERE <condition> ] Contoh 26: Hapus seluruh data penalti yang dilakukan oleh pemain nomor 44 pada tahun 1980! Query: DELETE FROM PENALTIES WHERE PLAYERNO = 44 AND YEAR(PAYMENT_DATE) =