REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (RPL) Perancangan PL Pemodelan

Transkripsi

1 REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (RPL) Perancangan PL Pemodelan

2 Tujuan perkuliahan Memahami pendekatan terstruktur Memahami pendekatan berorientasi objek RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 2/32

3 Agenda Pemodelan pendekatan terstruktur Pemodelan pendekatan berorientasi objek RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 3/32

4 Functional Design Berorientasi pada fungsi Metode Structured Design (Constantin & Yourdon, 1979), Step wise Refinement (Wirth, 1971, 1976), Jackson Structured Programming (Jackson, 1975), dll. Object-oriented Design Berorientasi pada objek/data Booch (1994), Meyer (1988), Jacobson et all (1993), dll. RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 4/32

5 Pemodelan Terstruktur (Functional Design)

6 Functional Design Approaches Transform Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transform flow : Incoming flow : aliran/jalur informasi eksternal masuk ke sistem untuk ditransformasikan menjadi informasi internal Transform center : pusat transformasi di dalam sistem yang akan mentriger informasi keluar dari sistem Outgoing flow : aliran/jalur informasi internal keluar dari sistem menjadi informasi eksternal Transaction Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transaction flow : Transaction : data tunggal yang mentriger satu atau beberapa aliran data Transaction center : penghubung antara aliran-aliran data hasil pentrigeran dengan data trigernya Action path : aliran/jalur informasi hasil triger RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 6/32

7 Functional Design Approaches Transform flow : tipe dasar DFD b incoming flow a c d e transform center f g h Transaction flow : outgoing flow transaction transaction center b a c f action path h g d e RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 7/32

8 Transform Mapping Langkah-langkah Transform Mapping : Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe transform flow atau transaction flow Tentukan batas antara incoming flow, transform center dan outgoing flow Bangun first level factoring Bangun second level factoring Refine first iteration Contoh Transform Mapping : SafeHome Security Software RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 8/32

9 DFD level 1 : Transform Mapping Contoh Control panel user commands and data 1* Interact with user configure request 2* Configure system configuration data configuration data configuration information configuration data password start stop 5* Process password 3 Activate /deactivate sytem A/D msg. valid ID msg. 4 Display messages and status display information Control panel display Sensors sensor status 6* Monitor sensors sensor information telephone number tones alarm type Alarm Telephone line RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 9/32

10 Transform Mapping Contoh DFD level 2 : Monitor sensors 6.3* Format for display sensor information configuration information configuration data 6.2* Assess against setup sensor ID, type, location alarm data 6.4 Generate alarm signal alarm type sensor status 6.1 Read sensors sensor ID, type telephone number 6.5* Dial phone telephone number tones RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 10/32

11 Transform Mapping Contoh DFD level 3 : Monitor sensors sensor status configuration information configuration data 6 Format display formated ID, type, location 9 Generate display sensor information telephone number tones 1 Read sensors sensor ID, type 2 Acquire response info alarm cond. code, sensor ID, timing information 3 Establish alarm conditions sensor ID, type, location list of numbers alarm data 4 Select phone number 7 Generate alarm signal telephone number alarm type 5 Set up conn. to phone net 8 Generate pulses to line tone ready telephone number RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 11/32

12 Transform Mapping Contoh First level factoring : Monitor sensors configuration information Monitor sensors executive Sensor input controller Alarm conditions controller Alarm output controller RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 12/32

13 Transform Mapping Contoh Second level factoring : Monitor sensors Monitor sensors executive Sensor input controller Alarm conditions controller Alarm output controller Acquire response info Establish alarm conditions Select phone number Format display Generate alarm signal Set up conn. to phone net Read sensors Generate display Generate pulses to line RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 13/32

14 Transform Mapping Contoh Refine first iteration : Monitor sensors Monitor sensors executive Acquire response info Establish alarm conditions Alarm output controller Read sensors Produce display Generate alarm signal Set up conn. to phone net Generate pulses to line Incoming controller dihapus : data input tunggal, cukup sederhana Transform controller dihapus dan digabung dalam satu modul : ada penurunan tingkat kohesifitas Format display dan generate display digabung : sederhana RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 14/32

15 Transaction Mapping Langkah-langkah Transaction Mapping : Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe transform flow atau transaction flow Tentukan batas antara incoming path/transaction, transaction center dan action path Bangun first level factoring Bangun second level factoring Refine first iteration Contoh Transaction Mapping : SafeHome Security Software RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 15/32

16 Transaction structuring Transaction Mapping Transaction control a Reception path b d Dispatcher b a c1 d p q r s p q r s RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 16/32

17 Transaction Mapping Contoh DFD level 2 : User interaction user commands and data 1 Read user command command type 2 Invoke command processing password 3 Read password configure request start stop four digits 7 Read system data 5 Activate/d eactivate system 4 Compare password w/ file raw configuration data A/D msg. 8 Build configurat ion file valid ID msg. configuration data configuration data configuration information 6 Display message & status configuration data display information RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 17/32

18 Transaction Mapping Contoh First/Second level factoring : User interaction User interaction executive Read user command Invoke command processing System configuration controller Activate /deactivate system Password processing controller Read system data Build configuration file Display messages & status Read password Compare password w/ file RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 18/32

19 Transaction Mapping Contoh Arsitektur SafeHome Security Software SafeHome Security Monitor sensors executive User interaction executive Acquire response info Establish alarm conditions Alarm output controller Read user command Invoke command processing Read sensors Produce display Generate alarm signal Set up conn. to phone net System configuration controller Activate /deactivate system Password processing controller Generate pulses to line Read system data Build configuration file Display messages & status Read password Compare password w/ file RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 19/32

20 Latihan d0 Data X 1p Proses A d1 2p Proses B d2 d3 5p Proses E d5 6p Proses F d7 3p Proses C d4 4p Proses D d6 RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 20/32

21 Pemodelan Berorientasi Objek (Object-oriented Design)

22 OOA, OOD, OOP Object-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but distinct OOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application domain OOD is concerned with developing an objectoriented system model to implement requirements OOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an OO programming language such as Java or C++ RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 22/32

23 Konsep Metode untuk melakukan dekomposisi arsitektur sistem berdasarkan objek-objek yang dimanipulasi oleh sistem yang sedang dibangun Identifikasi dan mendefinisikan klas-klas tambahan yg merefleksikan implementasi dari kebutuhankebutuhan hasil analisis Notasi = OOA Proses : Perancangan sistem : struktur klas, user interface, data management Perancangan objek : atribut/struktur data, algoritma operasi RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 23/32

24 Struktur klas Gunakan klas-klas hasil analisis dan tambahkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan perancangan Reuse jika memungkinkan packaging : pengelompokan klas-klas yg sesuai RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 24/32

25 Package diagram RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 25/32

26 Finding classes Identifying object classes is often a difficult part of object oriented design There is no 'magic formula' for object identification. It relies on the skill, experience and domain knowledge of system designers. Object identification is an iterative process. You are unlikely to get it right first time. Use domain analysis as before Use a grammatical approach based on a natural language description of the system Base the identification on tangible things in the application domain RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 26/32

27 Finding classes Derive them from the use cases (descriptions/scenarios) Look for data which must be stored or analysed Are there external systems? Are there any devices under the control of the system? Are there any organisational parts? RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 27/32

28 Attributes Object Design Describe the state and characteristics of the object Must be typed : primitive or class Only name and type are mandatory Operations Operations manipulate attributes and perform other tasks Scope is the class Operation signature is composed of name, parameters and return type RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 28/32

29 Object Design Sifat akses atribut dan operasi/service : private (klas/objek ybs.) protected (klas/objek ybs. dan turunannya) public (semua klas/objek) Algoritma operasi untuk implementasi spesifikasi dari setiap operasi operasi manipulasi data (set, delete, get, dll.) operasi komputasi operasi pengontrolan RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 29/32

30 Operations polymorphism Polymorphism means many (poly) shapes (morph) There are two kinds of polymorphism: Overloading Two or more methods with different signatures with the same name They essentially do the same thing, e.g. class constructors Overriding Replacing an inherited method class with another having the same signature (no matter with different parameter s name) Do different thing using the same method s signature RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 30/32

31 Latihan A weather station is a package of software controlled instruments which collects data, performs some data processing and transmits this data for further processing. The instruments include air and ground thermometers, an anemometer, a wind vane, a barometer and a rain gauge. Data is collected periodically. When a command is issued to transmit the weather data, the weather station processes and summarises the collected data. The summarised data is transmitted to the mapping computer when a request is received. RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 31/32

32 Penutup Pemodelan perancangan dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pemodelan analisis kebutuhan (RE modeling) Transform dan transaction mapping digunakan untuk membangun arsitektur PL berdasarkan DFD OOD dilakukan berdasarkan hasil OOA dengan perluasan klas jika diperlukan untuk keperluan implementasi RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 32/32