Aditya Wikan Mahastama

Transkripsi

1 ARSITEKTUR DAN ORGANISASI KOMPUTER Aditya Wikan Mahastama Sejarah Singkat Komputer Bus Sistem 1 UNIV KRISTEN DUTA WACANA GENAP 1213

2

3 What was computer like in the past days?

4 Compute Compute! Compute!

5 The Pascaline (1642) Invented by Blaise Pascal at age 19 Only supports addition (+)

6 Using the same principles of modern odometer Leibniz Stepped Reckoner: + - x /

7 Hollerith Desk (1890) Invented by Herman Hollerith For the 1890 US census Uses punched cards to represent input numbers

8 Punched card idea? Joseph Marie Jacquard s power loom (1801)

9 Raw data input NUMBERS to calculate

10 THE POWER LOOM Draw something using matrices The possibility to enter input sequences

11 THE POWER LOOM Rasterisation (pixels) Programs an Evolution

12 Dawn of The Dinosaurs

13 The Harvard Mark I (1944) Built by Harvard and IBM Electro-mechanical computer 5 bhp 5 tons 500 miles of wire 23-digit number + - : 0.3 seconds : 4 seconds : 10 seconds Got the first bug

14 iki bug-e

15 The Giants ENIAC (1946) IBM Stretch (1959)

16 The Giants Sequential input PROGRAMS to compute

17 The Modern Ones UNIVAC 1232 (1960) DEC PDP-12 (1969)

18 The Modern Ones Further advance in INPUT/OUTPUT and the need of STORAGE

19 The IBM PC (1981) Main model for today s computers architecture and organisation

20 Computer s evolution

21 Shall we begin with

22 What is a bus?

23 A bus is: Any connecting lines between two or more devices, used as a communication pathway It is broadcast in function; can be used by anyone connected to it Does not interfere with power lines One bus line can only carry a single bit of data at one time One bus can only used by a single component at one time

24 A bus is:

25 What does a bus look like?

26 Motherboard Is a bunch of BUSWAYS

27 A bus line can only carry a single bit each time So, how to deal with speed? Computer uses clock to administer itself

28 A bus line can only carry a single bit each time Computer uses clock to administer itself Choice to speed up the bus: Widen the bus lines e.g one clock tick = 1 second

29 A bus line can only carry a single bit each time Computer uses clock to administer itself Choice to speed up the bus: Set the clock faster raise the frequency (MHz) e.g one clock tick = 1/4 second

30 Is there any difference of speed between components connected to a bus? Yes, and there will always be. So?

31 Use multiple buses, each to serve an array of components of the (nearly) same speed Connect different buses with a bridge or a controller interface, to synchronize the speed and data transmission Traditional ISA Bus topology

32 Our computer s Bus topology

33 Bus Line Types: Data Line Digunakan untuk mengirim data (numerik/biner) Address Line Digunakan untuk mengirim alamat komponen tujuan (memory/register/input-output/periferal lainnya) Control Line Digunakan untuk mengirim data instruksi kepada alamat ybs; baca data, tuliskan data, interrupt, program clock atau instruksi hardware

34 Bus Line Usage Types: Dedicated Tiap tipe line digunakan untuk mengirim data hanya sesuai tipenya

35 Bus Line Usage Types: Multiplexed Hanya ada satu jenis line yang digunakan untuk mengirim berbagai jenis data

36 Bus Line Usage Types: Multiplexed Hanya ada satu jenis line yang digunakan untuk mengirim berbagai jenis data

37 How to deal with turns? Centralised A component who wants to use bus, report to the controller (used to be in CPU, now in motherboard), and get a queue number to use the bus Distributed The controller is embedded in each component, so if a component wants to use bus, its controller reads the bus status. If the bus is ready and idle, it claims the turn, and the component uses the bus.

38 What did each component sends & receives?

39 Memory Receives and sends data Receives addresses (of locations) Receives control signals Read Write Timing

40 Input / Output Output Receive data from computer Send data to peripheral Input Receive data from peripheral Send data to computer

41 Input / Output Receive control signals from computer Send control signals to peripherals e.g. spin disk Receive addresses from computer e.g. port number to identify peripheral Send interrupt signals (control)

42 CPU / Processor Reads instruction and data Writes out data (after processing) Sends control signals to other units Receives (& acts on) interrupts

43 Demikian Materi Hari Ini Topik Berikutnya: Modul Input-Output