HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) DENGAN TINDAKAN SADARI PADA SISWI SMAN KOTA JEMBER KELAS XI DAN KELAS XII TAHUN 2006/2007 SKRIPSI Diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat Oleh : FAIZAH HIDAYATI NIM 022110101012 PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2007
Abstract During the expansion period, the changes of life style rises the tendency of breast cancer which goes to the 18 years old teenagers. Some of them have high risk of breast cancer, especially they who have an early menarche, KB capsule consumers, and also the smoker. The research have done toward the students of SMAN in Jember. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between the SADARI knowledge and SADARI attitude of schoolgirl of SMAN Jember toward the SADARI practice. Data are obtained from the admission filling of direct observation and anquette of SADARI practice which use 90 schoolgirls of SMAN Jember as respondens. Data are processed by the Spearman Correlation. The result of this research indicates that there are no significant relationship between SADARI attitude because there are 23 respondens who have high SADARI knowledge and their SADARI practice are almost correct. Its also happen in the relationship of SADARI attitude and SADARI practice. There is no significant relationship because there are 25 respondens accept the SADARI concept but their SADARI actions are less precisely. The prevention effort of breast cancer can be done by the SADARI early detection and use the continuously persuasive approach to change the teenagers behavior which may rise the growing of breast cancer s cell. Basically they have known it, and they also have a positive attitude about SADARI, but they may hot do it yet in their daily activities. Keyword: SADARI knowledge, SADARI attitude, SADARI practice, schoolgirl of SMAN of Town Jember. vii
DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL... i HALAMAN LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN...ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN...iv KATA PENGANTAR...v ABSTRACT...vii ABSTRAK...viii DAFTAR ISI... ix DAFTAR BAGAN...xii DAFTAR TABEL...xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR...xiv DAFTAR ISTILAH... xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN... xvi BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN...1 1.1 Latar Belakang...1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah...5 1.3 Rumusan Masalah...6 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian...6 1.4.1 Tujuan Umum...6 1.4.2 Tujuan Khusus...6 1.5 Manfaat...7 BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...8 2.1 Epidemiologi Kanker Payudara...8 2.2 Pengertian Kanker dan Kanker Payudara...8 2.2.1. Pengertian Kanker...8 2.2.2 Kanker Payudara...9 2.3 Jenis-Jenis Kanker Payudara...10 2.4 Penyebab dan Gejala Klinis Kanker Payudara...11 ix
2.4.1 Penyebab Kanker Payudara...11 2.4.2 Gejala Klinis...11 2.5 Faktor Risiko...11 2.6 Klasifikasi...14 2.7 Jalannya Metastasis dan Penyebaran Tumor...16 2.8 Prevensi...17 2.8.1 Definisi Prevensi Kanker...17 2.8.2 Macam-macam Prevensi...18 2.9 Perilaku Kesehatan...30 2.10 Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Peserta Didik...33 2.10.1 Sekolah Menengah Atas...33 2.10.2 Peserta Didik...33 2.11 Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu...33 BAB 3. KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL...35 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual...35 3.2 Hipotesis...37 BAB 4. METODE PENELITIAN...38 4.1 Jenis Penelitian...38 4.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian...38 4.2.1 Populasi...38 4.2.2 Sampel dan Besar Sampel...38 4.2.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel...40 4.3 Identifikasi Variabel Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian...41 4.4 Variabel, Definisi Operasional dan Cara Pengukuran...41 4.5 Teknik dan Instrumen Pengumpulan Data...43 4.5.1 Data Primer...43 4.5.2 Data Sekunder...44 4.6 Alur Penelitian...45 4.7 Teknik Penyajian dan Analisis Data...45 4.7.1 Teknik Penyajian Data...45 4.7.2 Analisis Data...45 x
BAB 5. HASIL PENELITIAN...46 5.1 Gambaran Umum Lokasi SMAN di Kota Jember...46 5.2 Gambaran Subjek Penelitian...46 5.3 Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswi SMAN tentang Kanker Payudara...46 5.4 Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswi SMAN tentang SADARI...47 5.5 Sikap Siswi SMAN terhadap SADARI...47 5.6 Tindakan SADARI oleh Siswi SMAN...48 5.7 Hubungan Pengetahuan Siswi SMAN tentang Kanker Payudara dengan Tindakan SADARI...49 5.8 Hubungan Pengetahuan Siswi SMAN tentang SADARI dengan Tindakan SADARI...49 5.9 Hubungan Sikap Siswi SMAN tentang SADARI dengan Tindakan SADARI...50 BAB 6. PEMBAHASAN...52 6.1 Pengetahuan tentang Kanker Payudara dan Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI)...52 6.2 Sikap Terhadap Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI)...53 6.3 Tindakan Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI)...54 6.4 Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Kanker Payudara, Sikap dan Tindakan Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI)...55 6.5 Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) dan Tindakan SADARI...56 6.6 Hubungan antara Sikap tentang SADARI dengan Tindakan SADARI...56 BAB 7. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN...58 7.1 Kesimpulan...58 7.2 Saran...59 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN xi