Teknik Transmisi Seluler (DTG3G3) Tri Nopiani Damayanti,ST.,MT Dadan Nur Ramadan,S.Pd,MT Yuyun Siti Rohmah, ST.,MT Suci Aulia,ST.,MT ANTENA PADA SISTEM SELULER
Macam-Macam Jenis Antena yang ada di BTS 1) Omnidirectional Rx Rx Tx Pada kondisi awal biasanya digunakan pola omnidirectional (tergantung demand) di gunakan pada lingkup yang mempunyai base station terbatas dan cenderung untuk posisi pelanggan yang melebar Antena yang memiliki pola pancaran sinyal ke segala arah dengan daya sama Menghasilkan cakupan area yang luas, gain dari antena omnidirectional harus memfokuskan dayanya secara horizontal (mendatar,dengan mengabaikan pola pemancaran ke atas dan ke bawah,sehingga antena dapat di letakan di tengah-tengah base station Keuntungannya jenis ini adalah dapat melayani jumlah pengguna yang lebih banyak kesulitannya adalah pada pengalokasian frequensi untuk setiap sel agar tidak terjadi interferensi
Macam-Macam Jenis Antena yang ada di BTS 2) Sectoring 120 o 3) Sectoring 60 o Kegunaan dari pola Sectoring a. Menambah kapasitas b. Mengurangi interferensi Keuntungan antenna sektoral mempunyai gain yang lebih besar daripada antenna omnidirectional. Biasanya antenna sektoral mempunyai gain antara 10-19 dbi
RBS / BTS = Radio Base Station / Base Transceiver Station = Merupakan perangkat transceiver yang berhubungan dari / ke pelanggan (Interface / repeater antara MS dan MSC). = Elemen-elemen RBS : Transceiver Control Unit / BSC / Base Station Controller Antena Data terminal Bagaimana bentuk antena pada lokasi site? site 3 sektor dengan 7 array antena tiap sektornya jalur transmisi gelombang mikro menuju BSC single antenna base station housing
Basic Antennas System l/2 G=2.14 dbi Z= 73 W a. Dipole l c. Loop l/2 dielectric l/4 Ground plane G=4 dbi Z= 36 W b. monopole Feed point l/2 conductor Ground plane d. Microstrip/ patch
Base Station Antenna (1) Use antenna with higher gain Could be omnidirectional or sectoral depending on cell type Collinear antenna: S l 4 feeder line l 2 l 2 Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern side lobe main lobe boresight (elevation)
Base Station Antenna (2) Log periodic dipole array (LPDA) Transmission line Dipoles Directional Radiation Pattern - very wide BW, with constant SWR - typical gain 10 dbi Yagi antenna Reflector Driven element (dipole) Directors main lobe back lobe - BW is smaller than LPDA - typical gain 12 14 db side lobe main lobe
Sector Antennas Reflectors And Vertical Arrays Typical commercial sector antennas are vertical combinations of dipoles, yagis, or log-periodic elements with reflector (panel or grid) backing: Vertical plane pattern is determined by number of vertically-separated elements varies from 1 to 8, affecting mainly gain and vertical plane beamwidth Horizontal plane pattern is determined by: number of horizontally-spaced elements shape of reflectors (is reflector folded?)
Sector Antennas Reflectors And Vertical Arrays Typical commercial sector antennas are vertical combinations of dipoles, yagis, or log-periodic elements with reflector (panel or grid) backing: Vertical plane pattern is determined by number of vertically-separated elements varies from 1 to 8, affecting mainly gain and vertical plane beamwidth Horizontal plane pattern is determined by: number of horizontally-spaced elements shape of reflectors (is reflector folded?)
This is inside the GSM Dual band antenna. left side is for 900MHz band. Right side array is for 1800MHz. Is a Patch Panel antenna.
TILTING ANTENA Tilting antena adalah suatu pengaturan kemiringan antena yang berfungsi untuk menetapkan area yang akan menerima cakupan sinyal 1. TILTING MEKANIK Tilting mekanik adalah mengubah kemiringan antena dengan cara mengubahnya dari sisi fisik antenna. Rigger memiliki alat ukur tilt meter yang memperlihatkan derajat kemiringan antena.
2. TILTING ELEKTRIK Tilting elektrik adalah mengubah coverage antenna dengan cara mengubah fasa antenna, sehingga terjadi perubahan pada beamwidth antenna. Mengubah fasa antenna dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengubah setingan elctrical tilt pada antenna, yaitu 1,2,3 dst. Pengaturan tilt elektrik biasanya berada di bagian bawah antena.
The electrical tilt portion of the GSM panel antenna
Electrical tilt of GSM patch panel antenna.
This is the electrical tilt image. The cable distance between the input feed and the antenna element is varied by a slider. This rotation can be controlled remotely also by using a motor.
These are the parts of parabolic microwave antenna used in the backhaul between BTS and BSC.
Contoh di lapangan
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
ATP BTS 2G Telkomsel C Project Site ID Site Name Site Location BTS Type : JKU540 : MAHONIUJUNGMD : Jl. Mahoni selatan Gg A RT.14/10 Jakut : BTS3900A Outdoor
Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) System
Types Of Downtilt
Antenna Downtilt
Antenna Downtilt : Reduce Interference
Antenna Downtilt : Avoid Overshoot
Performance Criteria of Antenna (1) Antenna pattern, defined at azimuth and elevation orientation either omni or bidirectional antenna Main lobe & side lobe, the lower side lobe the better resistance to interference Input impedance, usually complex matching input impedance and feeder line impedance is very critical to have maximum power transfer from feeder to antenna Beamwidth, usually defined as angular separation where there is 3 db reduction from bore-sight Directivity & Gain, is ratio of radiation intensity at wanted direction and coverage radiation intensity over all direction Bandwidth, define operating range of antenna, limited by SWR. A typical BW is for SWR 1:1.2 at the band edge. Polarization, defined by orientation of
Performance Criteria of Antenna (2) Front to Back Ratio (FBR), is ratio between main lobe & back lobe, very impotant for directional antenna.
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