HUMAN EXISTENCE AS REFLECTED IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY S THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA A THESIS VENANSIUS PANDIANGAN 040705050 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2008
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For every second HE makes for me, I keep my thanks gratefully. First of all, I would like to thank to my Lord, Jesus Christ, for being my only Savior. For all tears and smiles, sorrow and happiness during my ages, I thank God, gratefully. I would like also to give my gratitude to Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A. PhD, the Head of English Department, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum, the Secretary of English Department, Drs. Yulianus Harefa, Med. Tessol and all of lectures for all guidance during my academic years in English Department. It is also a high appreciation to my Supervisor, Dra. Martha Pardede, M.A and my Co-supervisor, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum, for all positive advises which been given to me and for all your valuable time during the thesis writing. Thank you for everything I learned with. My deepest thank is highly dedicated for both of my parents; my beloved father, M. Pandiangan and my wonderful mom, Dra. T. Sinaga for all your love and affection, good care and sincerity, for all compassion efforts you have been taking for us. And definitely, my big brothers, Parulian and Paulus, and my cute little sisters, Leo and Krisna. It is always a pleasure for having family of us. I love you all. My special thanks is also delivered to all of my friends S B ^ T; Ando Fabregas, Herbert Napoleon, Fajar Kerbo, Angga Muzek, Patar Kaydee, Gusti, Goe2k, Anggi Citozbok, Ii Patrick, Eva-Nez and Dee-dee mata brastagi
he22. For all memories we have passed together, it s been a wonderful to me for sharing my time with all of you. My unforgetful thank is also intended to batch 04 (Damianus, Rudy, Tino, Irman, Irfan, Rosa and Hossa, Siska, Gus, ito Erlin, etc), Class of SaStra (Bernard, Kiky, Elma, Wita), frenz of KMK (Bernadetta, Ika, Yakobus, Henny, Romauli, Noni, Dewi) and de dayax 03 (B Mario, B Jeff, B Memed, B Joseso, B Hendra). Thank you for the time we had passed by. Last but not least, I thank the silence for being my faithful companion of my life. That s all. The writer Venansius Pandiangan
ABSTRACT Skripsi ini diberi judul Human Existence as Reflected in Ernest Hemingway s The Old Man and the Sea yang menganalisa tentang eksistensi manusia dalam keberadaannya sebagai individu di dunia. Eksistensi manusia ini dipaparkan melalui tokoh Santiago, seorang pelaut tua, dalam novel The Old Man and the Sea. Santiago merupakan representasi seorang individu dengan karakeristik yang menggambarkan eksistensinya sebagai seorang manusia. Karakteristik tersebut meliputi subjectivity, conscious being in the world, contingency, anti-materialism, humanity dan faith. Halhal tersebut merupakan gambaran karakteristik manusia yang eksis dan Santiago sebagai tokoh utama dalam novel memiliki karakteristik tersebut. Lebih jauhnya, pemenuhan karakteristik melalui tokoh individu Santiago tersebut merupakan representasi manusia yang eksis secara keseluruhan. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5 bab, yaitu Bab Pendahuluan, Landasan Teori, Metode Penelitian, Analisis dan Hasil, serta Kesimpulan dan Saran. Pada bab I akan dijelaskan latar belakang penelitian, pembatasan dan perumusan masalah, tujuan dan manfaat penelitian, tinjauan pustaka serta pendekatan yang dilakukan. Sedangkan pada bab II yang difokuskan adalah dasar-dasar teori eksistensialisme untuk mendukung analisis eksistensi manusia dalam novel The Old Man and the Sea. Bab III merupakan metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam menganalisis novel tersebut, termasuk setiap prosedur yang digunakan. Bab selanjutnya merupakan bab analisis yaitu bagian utama skripsi yang menganalisis eksistensi manusia dalam karya sastra The Old Man and the Sea oleh Ernest Hemingway. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan karakteristik Santiago yang mewakili gambaran karakteristik eksistensi manusia. Hasil dari analisis akan menjelaskan pandangan-pandangan Hemingway mengenai hidup, termasuk perjuangan manusia, tanggung jawab, keunikan, penderitaan, rasa kemanusiaan, keyakinan dan sebagainya. Pada bab terakhir yaitu kesimpulan dan saran, dijelaskan mengenai poin-poin yang diperoleh dari bab bab sebelumnya, sekaligus saran-saran yang diperlukan untuk peningkatan tulisan ini kedepannya
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...i ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS...iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.1 I.1 Background of Analysis 1 I.2 Scope of Analysis...3 I.3 Statement of Problem.3 I.4 Objective of Analysis.4 I.5 Significance of Analysis. 5 I.6 Review of Related Literature..5 I.7 Theoretical Approach.6 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW..8 II.1 Literature...8 II.1.1 Literature and Ideas.9 II.3 A Brief Discussion about Human Existence...11 II. 3.1 Definition of Human Existence 11 II. 3.2 The Characteristics of Human Existence 12 - Subjectivity.13 - The Conscious Being in the World.16 - Contingency 18 - Anti Materialism.19 - Humanity.20 - Faith.21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD..23 III.1 Source of Data...24 III.2 Data Collecting Procedure...25 III.3 Data Identifying Procedure...26 III.4 Data Analyzing Procedure.26 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS.31 IV.1 Analysis of Human Existence in The Old Man and the Sea.31 IV.1.1 Subjectivity of Santiago and Human Existence..31 IV.1.2 Conscious Being of Santiago and Human Existence..37 IV.1.3 Contingency of Santiago and Human Existence.42 IV.1.4 Anti Materialism of Santiago and Human Existence..50 IV.1.5 Humanity of Santiago and Human Existence.53 IV.1.6 Faith of Santiago and Human Existence.56 IV.2 Findings.60 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..64 BIBLIOGRAPHY V.1 Conclusion..64 V.2 Suggestion...65 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 BIOGRAPHY, WORKS AND SUMMARY Biography of Ernest Hemingway Works of Ernest Hemingway Summary of The Old Man and the Sea