10/12/2011 JENIS-JENIS SOFTWARE Software Komputer By : Sistem Operasi Alternatif-Alternatif Software Microsoft Windows Windows 98 Windows NT Windows XP Windows 2000 UNIX Linux Novell Netware Mac OS X FUNGSI SISTEM OPERASI 1
10/12/2011 Bahasa mesin (generasi I) Bahasa Pemrograman Bahasa assembler (generasi II) Bahasa tingkat tinggi (generasi III) COBOL Basic Fortran Bahasa berorientasi object C++ Visual Basic Bahasa & Layanan Web HTML (Hypertext Markup ) mendeskripsikan halaman web XML (extensible Markup ) mendeskripsikan isi dari halaman-halaman web Java terdiri dari beberapa program aplikasi kecil yg disebut applets Biaya Perangkat Lunak Shareware Berkaitan dgn biaya utk mendapatkan perangkat lunak, perangkat lunak dapat dikelompokkan menjadi: Perangkat lunak komersial Shareware Freeware Shareware = perangkat lunak yang bisa digunakan oleh pemakai dgn tujuan utk dievaluasi selama masa tertentu tanpa membayar sama sekali 2
10/12/2011 Freeware Freeware = perangkat lunak yang dapat dipakai oleh siapa pun tanpa membayar sama sekali First Trends in Computer Software Second Third Fourth Fifth Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration User-Written Programs Machine Packaged Programs Symbolic Operating Systems High-Level DBMS Fourth- Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming and Tools Common General- Purpose Applications Discussion Groups Web Browsers Surf the Net Launch Information Searches Electronic Mail Word Processing Presentation Graphics Typical uses of a Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Environments Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware Multimedia File Transfer E-Mail 3
10/12/2011 Database Packages Database Development Primary Tasks of Database Packages Database Interrogation Storyboard Sound Board MIDI Multimedia Technologies Video Capture Card Key Technologies of Multimedia Authoring Compact Disk Interactive Compressed Audio Computer Edit System Database Maintenance Application Development Interactive Video Digital Video Interactive Digital Audio Business Enterprise Application Software Functions of an Operating System Accounting and Financial User Interface Customer Relationship Business Decision Support Supply Chain Human Resource Enterprise Resource Planning Resource Task File Utilities and Other Functions 4
10/12/2011 Machine Use binary coded instructions 1001 1001 1100 1101 Assembler Use symbolic coded instructions LOD Y ADD Z Categories of Programming High Level Use brief statements Compute X = Y + Z Fourth Use natural statements SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS Markup Use embedded control codes <H1>First heading</h> <!ELEMENT Product (#Item manuf)> Object-Oriented Define objects that contain data and actions Document.write ( Hi There ) IF A := B Source Program Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc. Programming Translation Compiler Interpreter Assembler THEN 1001101 Translator 1110101 Program 0010110 Translation Process Machine Object Program Chapter Summary Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system. Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories. Chapter Summary (cont) System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs. The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs. An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU. 5
10/12/2011 Chapter Summary (cont) There are 5 major levels of programming languages. translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions. 6